Abstract: A method of forming a circular opening in a layered sheet material to be subsequently bent which causes the layers to shift relative to one another in a direction normal to the bend including the steps of piercing the layers material with an oblong opening the spaced apart circular end configurations, then bending the layered material so that the opposite end portions in different layers are moved toward one another sufficiently so that a final circular opening is formed.

Abstract: A clip assembly for attachment to a flexible gasket which has at least one opening therethrough, the assembly imparting sufficient rigidity to the gasket for convenient transportation and handling. The assembly consists of two plate members extending in overlaying relation with one another and with the gasket, one member having an expandable protrusion easily slid into the gasket opening and the other member having a projecting pin which produces expansion of the protrusion to thereby secure the gasket to the assembly.

Abstract: An engine balance device utilizing rotating balance shafts mounted in a housing means beneath the crankshaft and attached to the engine block by a plurality of legs spaced in the direction of the crankshaft axis to engage bearing journals located between cylinder bores. An oil pumping means evacuates oil from the housing means in cooperation with vacuum formation preventing air bleed means to the housing interior.

Abstract: An engine balance device utilizing rotating balance shafts mounted in a housing means beneath the crankshaft and attached to the engine block by a plurality of legs spaced in the direction of the crankshaft axis to engage bearing journals located between cylinder bores. An oil pumping means evacuates oil from the housing means in cooperation with vacuum formation preventing air bleed means to the housing interior.

Abstract: A test assembly for determining the acceptability of an engine driven lubrication oil pump without disassembling the pump from the engine. A conduit housing is provided for assembly on the engine in place of its oil filter. The housing fluidly communicates with a test valve assembly which carries the engine oil filter and is operative to direct or prevent fluid flow through the filter to the engine and includes means for measuring the pressure developed by the engine pump during flow prevented mode of operation and means for preventing operation in the flow prevented mode beyond a predetermined duration.