Abstract: Compositions and methods for the treatment or prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in a subject are provided. The compositions comprise antibodies to Clostridium difficile toxin B. The methods provide for administering the antibodies to a subject in an amount effective to reduce or eliminate or prevent relapse from Clostridium difficile bacterial infection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of modulating an immune response in a subject by using a binding protein (e.g., an antibody or an antigen-binding portion of an antibody) to mask or alter an epitope on an antigen that is administered to the subject. Such methods are useful for inducing an immune response (e.g., production of an antibody) in the subject to a non-immunodominant epitope on the antigen. The invention also encompasses an antigen-binding protein complex comprising at least one binding protein bound to at least one immunodominant epitope on an antigen.

Abstract: Provided herein are humanized antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof, that can bind to a cyclic peptide comprising the amino acid sequence SNK, wherein the K (Lysine) is solvent-accessible and methods of treating and/or preventing amyloid-beta associated diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: Commercial production of human insulin can be effected via transgenic expression in plant seeds. Thus, levels of insulin accumulation exceeding 0.1% of total cellular protein can be achieved recombinantly, through expression of the insulin with a single-chain antibody as a fusion partner. Production in seeds offers flexibility in storage and shipment of insulin as a raw material, and insulin retains its activity upon extraction from stored seed. Further, the amount of biomass subjected to extraction is limited, due to the relatively low water content of plant seeds.

Abstract: Commercial production of human insulin can be affected via transgenic expression in plant seeds. Thus, levels of insulin accumulation exceeding 0.1% of total cellular protein can be achieved recombinantly, through expression of the insulin with a single-chain antibody as a fusion partner. Production in seeds offers flexibility in storage and shipment of insulin as a raw material, and insulin retains its activity upon extraction from stored seed. Further, the amount of biomass subjected to extraction is limited, due to the relatively low water content of plant seeds.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel acyl-CoA synthetases and novel acyltransferases, nucleic acid molecules encoding the same, recombinant nucleic acid molecules and recombinant host cells comprising such nucleic acid molecules, genetically modified organisms (microorganisms and plants) comprising the same, and methods of making and using the same. Also disclosed are genetically modified organisms (e.g., plants, microorganisms) that have been genetically modified to express a PKS-like system for the production of PUFAs (a PUFA PKS system or PUFA synthase), wherein the organisms have been modified to express an acyl-CoA synthetase, to express an acyl transferase, to delete or inactivate a fatty acid synthase (FAS) expressed by the organism, to reduce competition for malonyl CoA with the PUFA synthase or to increase the level of malonyl CoA in the plant or plant cell, and in one aspect, to inhibit KASII or KASIII.

Abstract: Methods for the production of insulin in plants are described. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for the expression of insulin in plants comprising: (a) providing a chimeric nucleic acid construct comprising in the 5? to 3? direction of transcription as operably linked components: (i) a nucleic acid sequence capable of controlling expression in plant seed cells; and (ii) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an insulin polypeptide; (b) introducing the chimeric nucleic acid construct into a plant cell; and (c) growing the plant cell into a mature plant capable of setting seed wherein the seed expresses insulin.