Abstract: A method of controlling cooling water treatment at a cooling tower may involve measuring operating data of one or more downstream heat exchangers that receive cooling water from the cooling tower. For example, the inlet and outlet temperatures of both the hot and cold streams of a downstream heat exchanger may be measured, optionally along with a flow rate of the cooling water stream passing through the heat exchanger. Data from the streams passing through the heat exchanger may be used to determine a heat transfer efficiency for the heat exchanger. The heat transfer efficiency can be trended over a period of time and changes in the trend detected to identify cooling water fouling issues. A chemical additive selected to reduce, eliminate, or otherwise control the cooling water fouling can be controlled based on the changes in heat transfer efficiency detected at the downstream heat exchanger.

Abstract: A branched stent graft includes a main body aligning with a blood vessel in a radially expanded state and extending between proximal and distal ends. The branched stent graft includes a coupling or a fenestration window proximate a branching blood vessel in the radially expanded state. The main body includes a proximal body stent at least partially located between the proximal end of the main body and the coupling/fenestration window and a distal body stent at least partially located distal the coupling/fenestration window. The main body includes a surrounding region located between the proximal and distal body stents and extending along a main body circumference. The main body further includes a support stent located in the surrounding region and configured to maintain the main body in an open state when aligned with the blood vessel. The support stent imparts less radial force than the proximal and distal body stents.

Abstract: A method of controlling cooling water treatment may involve measuring operating data of one or more downstream heat exchangers that receive cooling water from the cooling tower. For example, the inlet and outlet temperatures of both the hot and cold streams of a downstream heat exchanger may be measured. Data from the streams passing through the heat exchanger may be used to determine a heat transfer efficiency for the heat exchanger. The heat transfer efficiency can be trended over a period of time and changes in the trend detected to identify cooling water fouling issues. Multiple potential causes of the perceived fouling issues can be evaluated to determine a predicted cause. A chemical additive selected to reduce, eliminate, or otherwise control the cooling water fouling can be controlled based on the predicted cause of the fouling.

Abstract: A method of controlling cooling water treatment may involve measuring operating data of one or more downstream heat exchangers that receive cooling water from the cooling tower. For example, the inlet and outlet temperatures of both the hot and cold streams of a downstream heat exchanger may be measured. Data from the streams passing through the heat exchanger may be used to determine a heat transfer efficiency for the heat exchanger. The heat transfer efficiency can be trended over a period of time and changes in the trend detected to identify cooling waterfouling issues. Multiple potential causes of the perceived fouling issues can be evaluated to determine a predicted cause. A chemical additive selected to reduce, eliminate, or otherwise control the cooling water fouling can be controlled based on the predicted cause of the fouling.

Abstract: Membrane filtration systems can be used to purify liquid streams for downstream use. In practice, foulant can build-up on the surface of a membrane within a filtration system over time. The effectiveness of the filtration system will deteriorate if the fouling is not properly controlled. In some examples, a method of controlling membrane fouling in a pressurized membrane system involves supplying a feed stream that is predominately air mixed with water to the membrane. In other words, the feed stream a greater volume of air than water, even though it is the water being processed by the membrane. Supplying the pressurized membrane system with a feed stream that contains a greater volume of air than water can yield significantly better performance than supplying the membrane with a feed stream that contains a greater volume of water than air.

Abstract: A method of controlling cooling water treatment may involve measuring operating data of one or more downstream heat exchangers that receive cooling water from the cooling tower. For example, the inlet and outlet temperatures of both the hot and cold streams of a downstream heat exchanger may be measured. Data from the streams passing through the heat exchanger may be used to determine a heat transfer efficiency for the heat exchanger. The heat transfer efficiency can be trended over a period of time and changes in the trend detected to identify cooling water fouling issues. Multiple potential causes of the perceived fouling issues can be evaluated to determine a predicted cause. A chemical additive selected to reduce, eliminate, or otherwise control the cooling water fouling can be controlled based on the predicted cause of the fouling.

Abstract: A method of controlling cooling water treatment at a cooling tower may involve measuring operating data of one or more downstream heat exchangers that receive cooling water from the cooling tower. For example, the inlet and outlet temperatures of both the hot and cold streams of a downstream heat exchanger may be measured, optionally along with a flow rate of the cooling water stream passing through the heat exchanger. Data from the streams passing through the heat exchanger may be used to determine a heat transfer efficiency for the heat exchanger. The heat transfer efficiency can be trended over a period of time and changes in the trend detected to identify cooling water fouling issues. A chemical additive selected to reduce, eliminate, or otherwise control the cooling water fouling can be controlled based on the changes in heat transfer efficiency detected at the downstream heat exchanger.

Abstract: Sole structures for footwear are constructed to provide excellent air exchange, ventilation, and breathability. Sole plates used in these sole structures may include plural rib elements extending across the sole to define plural slat openings in the sole plate. By providing these slat openings adjacent openings in the midsole member, excellent gas flow communication to/from the footwear interior may be provided. Slat vented sole plates and sole structures containing such sole plates may be included in articles of footwear or other foot-receiving devices, and advantageously in athletic footwear and other articles of footwear in which venting and breathability are important.

Abstract: A trace amount of a tungstate is disclosed for inhibiting corrosion by nitrogen fertilizer solution, in particular, an ammonium nitrate fertilizer solution, (UAN) in contact with ferrous metal storage tanks, piping, and equipment surfaces. Tungstate added with a dispersant polymer is also effective for inhibiting corrosion.

Abstract: Sole structures for footwear are constructed to provide excellent air exchange, ventilation, and breathability. Sole plates used in these sole structures may include plural rib elements extending across the sole to define plural slat openings in the sole plate. By providing these slat openings adjacent openings in the midsole member, excellent gas flow communication to/from the footwear interior may be provided. Slat vented sole plates and sole structures containing such sole plates may be included in articles of footwear or other foot-receiving devices, and advantageously in athletic footwear and other articles of footwear in which venting and breathability are important.

Abstract: A stable oxidizing bromine biocidal composition comprising at least one stable oxidizing bromine compound that is prepared from at least one oxidizing chemical reagent, at least one bromide source and at least one bromine or halogen stabilizer, wherein the molar ratio of bromide source to stable oxidizing bromine compound is at least about 2.1, methods of making the composition and methods of using the composition as a biocide in aqueous systems.

Abstract: A method of detecting and compensating for leakage of hydraulic fluids in a production plant, is described and claimed. The method requires two tracer materials, each with its own separate and uniquely detectable fluorescent signal. One of the tracer materials is used for rapid detection of leakage of hydraulic fluid into the cooling water and the other tracer material is used to determine the buildup of hydraulic fluid within the cooling water system.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel anhydrous (?) lactitol crystals, belonging to the orthorhombic P212121 cystal system and having unit cell constants a=9.6 ?, b=11.1 ?, c=14.0 ?. The invention also relates to crystalline lactitol products containing the novel anhydrous ? lactitol and to a process for the preparation thereof by crystallizing from an aqueous solution of lactitol. The novel anhydrous ? lactitol is stable and nonhygroskopic and it may be used as a substitute for sugar in foodstuffs and sweets, in as well as in pharmaceutical and hygienic products.

Abstract: A system for pumping water from a well (32) drilled into an underground water source (44) that is operable in association with the windmill (10) having a tower frame (14), a wind driven turbine (12), and a reciprocating pump shaft (16) operably connected to the turbine. The system includes an air pump (20) mechanically linked to the reciprocating pump shaft (16) of the windmill (10) and operable by the direct reciprocating motion of the shaft (16). The air pump (20) operates through the reciprocating motion of the windmill shaft (16) and delivers a flow of compressed air into the well (32) down to a point below the water level within the well (32). An air lift fluid pump (20, 36) is positioned within the well (32) and comprises a submerged mixing chamber wherein compressed air is injected into the mixing chamber forming a buoyant air-water mixture. This buoyant mixture flows towards the surface which in turn draws water up through the fluid conduit (38) to the surface.

Abstract: A system for pumping water from a well (32) drilled into an underground water source (44) that is operable in association with the windmill (10) having a tower frame (14), wind driven turbine (12), and a reciprocating pump shaft (16) operably connected to the turbine. The system includes an air pump (20) mechanically linked to the reciprocating pump shaft (16) of the windmill (10) and operable by the direct reciprocating motion of the shaft (16). The air pump (20) operates through the reciprocating motion of the windmill shaft (16) and delivers a flow of compressed air into the well (32) down to a point below the water level within the well (32). An air lift fluid pump (20, 36) is positioned within the well (32) and comprises a submerged mixing chamber wherein compressed air is injected into the mixing chamber forming a buoyant air-water mixture. This buoyant mixture flows towards the surface which in turn draws water up through the fluid conduit (38) to the surface.