Abstract: A process and catalyst for the partial oxidation of paraffinic hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane, naphtha, and natural gas condensates, to olefins, such as ethylene and propylene. The process involves contacting a paraffinic hydrocarbon with oxygen in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst under autothermal process conditions. Preheating the feed decreases oxygen consumption and increases the net hydrogen balance. The catalyst comprises a Group 8B metal, preferably, a platinum group metal, and at least one promoter selected from Groups 1B, 6B, 3A, 4A, and 5A, optionally supported on a catalytic support, such as magnesia or alumina. In preferred embodiments, the support is pretreated with a support modifier selected from Groups 1A, 2A, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 1B, 3A, 4A, 5A, the rare earth lanthanides, and the actinides. A modified fluidized bed reactor is disclosed for the process.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for the partial oxidation of paraffinic hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane, naphtha, and natural gas condensates, to olefins, such as ethylene and propylene. The process involves contacting a paraffinic hydrocarbon with oxygen in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst under autothermal process conditions. Preheating the feed decreases oxygen consumption and increases the net hydrogen balance. The catalyst comprises a Group 8B metal, preferably, a platinum group metal, and at least one promoter selected from Groups 1B, 6B, 3A, 4A, and 5A, optionally supported on a catalytic support, such as magnesia or alumina. In preferred embodiments, the support is pretreated with a support modifier selected from Groups 1A, 2A, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 1B, 3A, 4A, 5A, the rare earth lanthanides, and the actinides. A modified fluidized bed reactor is disclosed for the process.

Abstract: A process for converting a chlorinated alkene feedstock including two or more chlorines to reaction products including a less-chlorinated alkene in a commercially substantial proportion, comprising reacting the chlorinated alkene feedstock with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of a Group VIII metal other than rhodium, palladium or ruthenium and a Group IB metal on a support.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic conversion of various chlorinated hydrocarbon byproducts and waste products especially to less chlorinated, useful or salable products, in which a chlorinated hydrocarbon feedstock containing two or more chlorines is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of an active hydrogenating metal component such as platinum in elemental or compound form, and a surface segregating metal component such as copper in elemental or compound form on a support.

Abstract: A process for the production of a diaryl carbonate comprising:contacting an aromatic hydroxy compound with a carbonyl halide in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor system under conditions sufficient for the formation of a diaryl carbonate and a hydrogen halide;recovering the aromatic carbonate; andrecycling at least some of the hydrogen halide within the reactor system to regenerate the carbonyl halide.

Abstract: A process for the production of olefins and diolefins, such as 1,3-butadiene, comprising contacting an aliphatic hydrocarbon, such as butane, with a heterogeneous catalyst composition containing reactive oxygen under reaction conditions such that a more highly unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon is selectively formed in a high productivity. The catalyst is a composition comprising (a) a support component of magnesia and alumina and/or magnesium aluminate spinel, and (b) a catalyst component of magnesia, an oxide of molybdenum, a Group IA metal oxide promoter, and optionally vanadium oxide. Catalysts of high surface area and high attrition resistance are claimed.

Abstract: A process for the production of olefins and diolefins, such as 1,3-butadiene, comprising contacting an aliphatic hydrocarbon, such as butane, with a heterogeneous catalyst composition containing reactive oxygen under reaction conditions such that a more highly unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon is selectively formed in a high productivity. The catalyst is a composition comprising (a) a support component of magnesia and alumina and/or magnesium aluminate spinel, and (b) a catalyst component of magnesia, an oxide of molybdenum, a Group IA metal oxide promoter, and optionally vanadium oxide. Catalysts of high surface area and high attrition resistance are claimed.

Abstract: A process for the production of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as diolefins, comprising contacting an aliphatic hydrocarbon, such as an alkane or a monoolefin, with a solid heterogeneous catalyst containing labile oxygen under reaction conditions such that a more highly unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon is selectively formed in a high space-time yield. The catalyst comprises an oxide of magnesium, an oxide of molybdenum, an alkali metal promoter, and optionally an oxide of vanadium. For example, butane is oxidized in the presence of magnesium molybdate doped with alkali metal oxide to a mixture of products including predominantly butadiene and cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene.

Abstract: A process for forming an alcohol fraction boiling in the range of motor gasoline that is enriched in higher alcohols, comprises contacting a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a lower alkanol with a catalyst comprising:(1) a first component comprising molybdenum, tungsten or a mixture thereof in free or combined form;(2) a second component comprising an alkali or alkaline earth element or a mixture thereof in free or combined form;(3) an optional third component comprising cobalt, nickel or iron or a mixture thereof in free or combined form; and(4) an optional fourth component comprising a support,under conditions sufficient to convert at least some of the one or more lower alcohols to higher alcohols.

Abstract: Fluoropyridine compounds, including 3- and 5-fluoropyridines, are prepared in an improved process by contacting chloropyridine compounds with hydrogen fluoride in the vapor phase in the presence of an activated carbon catalyst having large diameter pores. Thus, 2,3-difluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine is prepared by contacting 3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-(trifluoro-methyl)pyridine with excess hydrogen fluoride at about 500.degree. C. in the presence of an activated carbon catalyst having an average pore diameter of about 100 Angstroms.

Abstract: A method for controlling the ratio of methanol to higher alcohols produced in a process for making mixed alcohols by contacting a hydrogen- and carbon monoxide-containing feed with a molybdenum- or tungsten-containing catalyst, said method comprising adjusting a concentration of a sulfur releasing substance in the feed.

Abstract: The invention is a process for preparing a 2-halo-1-alkene comprising contacting a hydrocarbon stream with a hydrogen halide, in the presence of water and an effective amount of a catalyst, at a temperature between about 100.degree. C. and about 400.degree. C., wherein; the hydrocarbon stream comprises a 1,2-diene, a terminal acetylene or mixtures thereof, represented by the formulas CH.sub.2 .dbd.C.dbd.CH--R or CH.tbd.C--CH.sub.2 --R wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl and may be substituted or unsubstituted; the water is present in an amount of between about 1,000 and 100,000 parts per million by weight; and the catalyst comprises carbon, silica alumina, aluminosilicates, silica gel, silica, silica magnesia, silicalite, group IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB or V metal oxides or rare earth oxides.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch process comprises contacting hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a conventional Fischer-Tropsch catalyst in combination with an amount of phosphorus effective to selectively poison the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst so as to improve the selectivity of said catalyst to C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins.

Abstract: The invention is a process for preparing a 2-halo-1-alkene comprising contacting a hydrocarbon stream with a hydrogen halide, in the presence of water and an effective amount of a catalyst, at a temperature between about 20.degree. C. and about 400.degree. C., wherein; the hydrocarbon stream comprises a 1,2-diene, a terminal acetylene or mixtures thereof, represented by the formulas CH.sub.2 .dbd.C.dbd.CH--R or CH.tbd.C--CH.sub.2 --R wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl and may be substituted or unsubstituted; the water is present in an amount capable of maintaining the selectivity of the catalyst for the insertion of the halide on the 2 carbon of the 1,2-diene or terminal acetylene; and the catalyst comprises carbon, silica alumina, aluminosilicates, silica gel, silica, silica magnesia, silicalite, group IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB or V metal oxides or rare earth oxides.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a process for alkylating aromatics comprising the steps of:(1) contacting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst at conditions effective to form a first gas mixture containing an alkylating agent selected from ethylene or mixtures of ethylene and propylene;(2) removing from the first gas mixture components capable of alkylating aromatics and having boiling points higher than the selected alkylating agent to form a second gas mixture which contains less than about 10 mole percent of the selected alkylating agent and more than about 5 mole percent each of carbon monoxide and hydrogen;(3) combining the second gas mixture with sufficient alkylatable aromatic hydrocarbon to form a third mixture containing at least about a 1 to 1 aromatic to alkylating agent mole ratio; and(4) contacting the third mixture with a heterogeneous alkylation catalyst at conditions effective to alkylate the aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: In Fischer-Tropsch reaction to form hydrocarbons from hydrogen and carbon monoxide the use of a catalyst containing:(1) molybdenum in free or combined form;(2) a promoter comprising an alkali or alkaline earth metal in free or combined form; and(3) a binder comprising an iron-containing calcium aluminate cement.

Abstract: Olefins of two to four carbon atoms are prepared by an improved Fischer-Tropsch process, the improvement comprising the use of a catalyst having a surface area less than about 100 m.sup.2 /g and consisting essentially of:(1) at least one material selected from the group consisting of the sulfide, oxide or metal of Mo, W, Re, Ru, Ni, Pd, Rh, Os, Ir and Pt;(2) at least one material selected from the group consisting of the hydroxide, oxicde or salt of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Th; and(3) optionally, a support.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons of two to four carbon atoms are prepared by an improved Fischer-Tropsch process, the improvement comprising the use of a catalyst comprising:(A) at least one material selected from the group consisting of the sulfide, oxide or metal of Mo, W, Re, Ru, Ni and Pt;(B) at least one material selected from the group consisting of the hydroxide, oxide or salt of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Th; and(C) a support.The catalyst demonstrates good C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 selectivity, is resistant to sulfur poisoning and is regenerable.