Abstract: An engine oil additive includes carbon nanotubes and boron nitride particulates dispersed within a fluid. The additive is configured to be mixed with a quantity of oil such that the quantity of oil has a concentration from 0.05 to 0.5 grams of carbon nanotubes and of boron nitride particulates per quart of oil to improve the lubricity of the oil. The additive improves the horsepower and torque of the engine while reducing fuel consumption. The carbon nanotubes have an —OH functionalized exterior surface. The carbon nanotubes have a diameter from 1 nanometer to 50 nanometers and have a length from 1 micron to 1000 microns. The boron nitride particulates are hex-boron nitride structures having an average size from 30 nanometers to 500 nanometers.

Abstract: An engine oil additive includes carbon nanotubes and boron nitride particulates dispersed within a fluid. The additive is configured to be mixed with a quantity of oil such that the quantity of oil has a concentration from 0.05 to 0.5 grams of carbon nanotubes and of boron nitride particulates per quart of oil to improve the lubricity of the oil. The additive improves the horsepower and torque of the engine while reducing fuel consumption. The carbon nanotubes have an —OH functionalized exterior surface. The carbon nanotubes have a diameter from 1 nanometer to 50 nanometers and have a length from 1 micron to 1000 microns. The boron nitride particulates are hex-boron nitride structures having an average size from 30 nanometers to 500 nanometers.

Abstract: An engine oil additive includes carbon nanotubes and boron nitride particulates dispersed within a fluid. The additive is configured to be mixed with a quantity of oil such that the quantity of oil has a concentration from 0.05 to 0.5 grams of carbon nanotubes and of boron nitride particulates per quart of oil to improve the lubricity of the oil. The additive improves the horsepower and torque of the engine while reducing fuel consumption. The carbon nanotubes have an —OH functionalized exterior surface. The carbon nanotubes have a diameter from 1 nanometer to 50 nanometers and have a length from 1 micron to 1000 microns. The boron nitride particulates are hex-boron nitride structures having an average size from 30 nanometers to 500 nanometers.

Abstract: An engine oil additive includes carbon nanotubes and boron nitride particulates dispersed within a fluid. The additive is configured to be mixed with a quantity of oil such that the quantity of oil has a concentration from 0.05 to 0.5 grams of carbon nanotubes and of boron nitride particulates per quart of oil to improve the lubricity of the oil. The additive improves the horsepower and torque of the engine while reducing fuel consumption. The carbon nanotubes have an —OH functionalized exterior surface. The carbon nanotubes have a diameter from 1 nanometer to 50 nanometers and have a length from 1 micron to 1000 microns. The boron nitride particulates are hex-boron nitride structures having an average size from 30 nanometers to 500 nanometers.

Abstract: Process for the production of ethanol from acetic acid and hydrogen, said process comprising: reacting in an esterification reaction vessel methanol with acetic acid in the presence of an esterification catalyst and an entrainer to form a product comprising entrainer, methyl acetate and water, and in a distillation column, recovering from the product an overhead product fraction comprising methyl acetate, methanol and water, feeding the overhead product fraction, together with hydrogen, into a hydrogenation unit containing a copper based hydrogenation catalyst, to produce a hydrogenation product stream comprising ethanol, methanol, unreacted methyl acetate, unreacted hydrogen, ethyl acetate and water, cooling the hydrogenation product stream; separating the cooled hydrogenation product stream into a liquid phase which comprises the majority of the methanol, ethanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and water, and a gaseous phase which comprises the majority of the unreacted hydrogen; recycling at least part of t

Abstract: Hydrogenation of methyl acetate to methanol and ethanol by feeding a hydrogenation feed of methyl acetate, water, hydrogen and a carbon oxide into a hydrogenation unit containing a copper-zinc oxide hydrogenation catalyst to produce a hydrogenation product stream of ethanol, methanol, unreacted methyl acetate, water, unreacted hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and ethyl acetate. The hydrogenation unit is operated in the vapor phase at elevated temperature and pressure. The total molar ratio of hydrogen to methyl acetate fed to the hydrogenation unit is 5:1 to 20:1. The total molar ratio of methyl acetate to carbon oxide(s) fed to the hydrogenation unit is 1:2 to 100:1. The hydrogenation product stream is separated into a liquid stream containing ethanol, methanol, unreacted methyl acetate, water and ethyl acetate, and a gaseous stream containing unreacted hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and a portion of the gaseous stream is recycled to the hydrogenation unit.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenation of methyl acetate to methanol and ethanol comprising feeding a hydrogenation feed composition comprising methyl acetate and water, together with hydrogen and at least one carbon oxide selected from carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, into a hydrogenation unit containing a copper-zinc oxide hydrogenation catalyst and hydrogenating the methyl acetate to produce a hydrogenation product stream comprising ethanol, methanol, unreacted methyl acetate, water, unreacted hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and ethyl acetate, wherein said hydrogenation unit is operated in the vapour phase at elevated temperature, preferably at a temperature in the range of from 180 to 270° C.

Abstract: A lid for a beverage cup includes an annular mounting portion to removably, sealingly, engage the open lip of a round beverage cup; a raised annular ridge inset from the mounting portion extending from a first end to a second end; a central portion spanning the annulus and including an aroma aperture at the center; a dispensing portion spanning between the annular ridge first end and second end including a front flat portion, a sloped dispensing aperture surface, and a dispensing aperture disposed on the sloped surface, the dispensing aperture comprising a triangle with rounded corners having a base proximate and parallel to the intersection edge and an apex proximate the upper edge; and, the raised annular ridge and dispensing portion defining a continuous containment surrounding the central portion.

Abstract: Process for the production of ethanol from acetic acid and hydrogen, said process comprising: reacting in an esterification reaction vessel methanol with acetic acid in the presence of an esterification catalyst and an entrainer to form a product comprising entrainer, methyl acetate and water, and in a distillation column, recovering from the product an overhead product fraction comprising methyl acetate, methanol and water, feeding the overhead product fraction, together with hydrogen, into a hydrogenation unit containing a copper based hydrogenation catalyst, to produce a hydrogenation product stream comprising ethanol, methanol, unreacted methyl acetate, unreacted hydrogen, ethyl acetate and water, cooling the hydrogenation product stream; separating the cooled hydrogenation product stream into a liquid phase which comprises the majority of the methanol, ethanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and water, and a gaseous phase which comprises the majority of the unreacted hydrogen; recycling at least part of t

Abstract: A lid for a beverage cup includes an annular mounting portion to removably, sealingly, engage the open lip of a round beverage cup; a raised annular ridge inset from the mounting portion extending from a first end to a second end; a central portion spanning the annulus and including an aroma aperture at the center; a dispensing portion spanning between the annular ridge first end and second end including a front flat portion, a sloped dispensing aperture surface, and a dispensing aperture disposed on the sloped surface, the dispensing aperture comprising a triangle with rounded corners having a base proximate and parallel to the intersection edge and an apex proximate the upper edge; and, the raised annular ridge and dispensing portion defining a continuous containment surrounding the central portion.

Abstract: A lid for a beverage cup includes an annular mounting portion to removably, sealingly, engage the open lip of a round beverage cup; a raised annular ridge inset from the mounting portion extending from a first end to a second end; a central portion spanning the annulus and including an aroma aperture at the center; a dispensing portion spanning between the annular ridge first end and second end including a front flat portion, a sloped dispensing aperture surface, and a dispensing aperture disposed on the sloped surface, the dispensing aperture comprising a triangle with rounded corners having a base proximate and parallel to the intersection edge and an apex proximate the upper edge; and, the raised annular ridge and dispensing portion defining a continuous containment surrounding the central portion.

Abstract: A lid for a beverage cup includes an annular mounting portion to removably, sealingly, engage the open lip of a round beverage cup; a raised annular ridge inset from the mounting portion extending from a first end to a second end; a central portion spanning the annulus and including an aroma aperture at the center; a dispensing portion spanning between the annular ridge first end and second end including a front flat portion, a sloped dispensing aperture surface, and a dispensing aperture disposed on the sloped surface, the dispensing aperture comprising a triangle with rounded corners having a base proximate and parallel to the intersection edge and an apex proximate the upper edge; and, the raised annular ridge and dispensing portion defining a continuous containment surrounding the central portion.

Abstract: A lid for a beverage cup includes an annular mounting portion to removably, sealingly, engage the open lip of a round beverage cup; a raised annular ridge inset from the mounting portion extending from a first end to a second end; a central portion spanning the annulus and including an aroma aperture at the center; a dispensing portion spanning between the annular ridge first end and second end including a front flat portion, a sloped dispensing aperture surface, and a dispensing aperture disposed on the sloped surface, the dispensing aperture comprising a triangle with rounded corners having a base proximate and parallel to the intersection edge and an apex proximate the upper edge; and, the raised annular ridge and dispensing portion defining a continuous containment surrounding the central portion.

Abstract: Process for producing propylene from a propanol feedstock A2 by reacting the propanol feedstock A2 in a vapor phase dehydration reactor wherein the propanol is convened at a temperature comprised between 160 and 270° C. and at a pressure of above 0.1 MPa but less than 4.

Abstract: Process for producing mono-olefins(s) from a feedstock A containing ethanol and propanol, wherein ethanol and propanol are dehydrated into the corresponding same carbon number olefins. The process is performed by 1. reacting feedstock A in a vapor phase dehydration reactor wherein the ethanol and propanol alcohols are converted into a product stream B comprising ethylene, propylene, ethers, water and unconverted alcohols, 2. cooling the product stream B, 3. disengaging the cooled product stream B in a separation unit to give a first stream C containing ethylene, propylene and ethers, and a second product stream D containing water, ethers and unconverted alcohols, 4. feeding the product stream D to a dewatering column wherein the water stream F is separated from the ethers and unconverted alcohols stream E, 5. recycling the stream E into the dehydration reactor of step 1, and 6. cooling the product stream C.

Abstract: Process for producing ethylene from an ethanol feedstock A by (1) reacting the ethanol feedstock A in a vapor phase reactor wherein the ethanol is converted at a temperature between 160 and 270° C. and at a pressure of above 0.1 MPa but less than 4.5 MPa, into a product stream B containing ethylene, diethyl ethers, water and unconverted ethanol, (2) cooling the product stream B, (3) disengaging the cooled product stream B in a separation unit to give a first stream C containing ethylene and diethyl ethers, and a second product stream D containing water, diethyl ethers and unconverted ethanol, (4) feeding the product stream D to a dewatering unit wherein the water stream F is separated from the diethyl ethers and unconverted ethanol stream E, (5) recycling the stream E into the dehydration reactor of step 1, (6) cooling the product stream C, and (7) feeding the cooled product stream C to a purification unit wherein the diethyl ethers stream G is separated from the ethylene stream H.

Abstract: A lid for a beverage cup includes an annular mounting portion to removably, sealingly, engage the open lip of a round beverage cup; a raised annular ridge inset from the mounting portion extending from a first end to a second end; a central portion spanning the annulus and including an aroma aperture at the center; a dispensing portion spanning between the annular ridge first end and second end including a front flat portion, a sloped dispensing aperture surface, and a dispensing aperture disposed on the sloped surface, the dispensing aperture comprising a triangle with rounded corners having a base proximate and parallel to the intersection edge and an apex proximate the upper edge; and, the raised annular ridge and dispensing portion defining a continuous containment surrounding the central portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of propylene from a feedstock comprising propanol.

Abstract: Applicant provides a disposable foam enhancing espresso drink lid which enhances the coffee and espresso drinking experience, and includes a curved dome having a drinking hole with a top and bottom in a top surface and a curved face, wherein said curved dome is formed out of said lid, a lip depression at the bottom of said curved face, wherein said lip depression is formed out of said lid, a nose depression separated from said lip depression by a support structure, wherein said nose depression and said support structure are formed out of said lid, a smell slit provided in said support structure, a rim encircling said curved dome, lip depression, nose depression, and support structure. In use a drinker's lips curve around said dome curved face and into said lip depression, and drinker's nose extends into said nose depression with nostrils in proximity to said smell slit. The lid may be formed from a contiguous plasticized material.