Abstract: Provided herein are compounds of the formula (I): as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the substituents are as those disclosed in the specification. These compounds, and the pharmaceutical compositions containing them, are useful for the treatment of degenerative diseases and disorders.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds of the formula (I): as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the substituents are as those disclosed in the specification. These compounds, and the pharmaceutical compositions containing them, are useful for the treatment of degenerative diseases and disorders.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds of the formula (I): as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the substituents are as those disclosed in the specification. These compounds, and the pharmaceutical compositions containing them, are useful for the treatment of degenerative diseases and disorders.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds of the formula (I): as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the substituents are as those disclosed in the specification. These compounds, and the pharmaceutical compositions containing them, are useful for the treatment of degenerative diseases and disorders.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds of the formula (I): as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the substituents are as those disclosed in the specification. These compounds, and the pharmaceutical compositions containing them, are useful for the treatment of degenerative diseases and disorders.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for inducing mitochondrial biogenesis are provided. In some aspects, methods for the treatment of diseases such as acute kidney disease (AKI) or a muscle wasting disease by administering tomoxetine, nisoxetine, fenoterol, formoterol, or procaterol to an individual are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds having Formula I, which are non-natural L-adenosine analogs. Also disclosed are their methods of making. Still further, disclosed are the uses of the disclosed compounds to treat cardiovascular disease, ischemia related injuries; and neurodegenerative diseases. The compounds disclosed herein have the formula: wherein R1 and R2 are, independently, H, branched or straight-chain, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl; R3 is branched or straight-chain, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, hydroxy-alkyl, or —C(?O)NR6R7; and R4 and R5 are, independently, H, hydroxy, halogen, and NR8R9, wherein R6, R7, R8, and R9 are, independently, H, branched or straight-chain, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl.