Abstract: A modular membrane filtration system (5) includes a number of banks (6) of membrane modules (7). Each module (7) includes upper and lower modular manifolds (8) and (9), respectively which are connected to one another to form upper and lower common manifolds (10) and (11) for each bank (6). The upper and lower manifolds (8) and (9) are used for delivery of feed and removal of filtrate and waste liquid from the modules (7). A gas feed manifold (12) runs along the top of the module banks (6) and feeds gas to lower gas manifold (13) through drop lines (14). A further manifold (15) runs in parallel with the common upper and lower manifolds (10) and (11) and is connected thereto at connections points (16) between the manifold banks (6).

Abstract: A drinking apparatus including: a container having a lid and defining an internal cavity for holding a body of liquid; a valve element operates in conjunction with an opening on the container and is operable between an open condition and a closed condition; the valve element is biased to the closed condition wherein the apparatus completely encapsulates the internal cavity to thereby prevent substances from being introduced to the cavity; and removal of the lid from the container results in an indication that the apparatus has been tampered with.