Abstract: A tunable lasing device including a vertical external cavity surface emitting laser, adapted to generate a fundamental laser beam in response to pumping from a pump source, said fundamental laser beam having a fundamental wavelength and a fundamental linewidth; a fundamental resonator cavity adapted to resonate the fundamental beam therein; a first optical element located within the fundamental resonator cavity for control of the fundamental linewidth of the fundamental beam; a Raman resonator located at least partially in said fundamental resonator adapted to receive the fundamental beam and comprising therein, a solid state Raman active medium located therein for generating at least a first Stokes beam from the fundamental beam wherein said Raman resonator cavity is adapted to resonate said Stokes beam therein and further adapted to emit an output beam; and further comprising a nonlinear medium located within the Raman resonator cavity for nonlinear frequency conversion of at least one of the beams present

Abstract: A tunable lasing device including a vertical external cavity surface emitting laser, adapted to generate a fundamental laser beam in response to pumping from a pump source, said fundamental laser beam having a fundamental wavelength and a fundamental linewidth; a fundamental resonator cavity adapted to resonate the fundamental beam therein; a first optical element located within the fundamental resonator cavity for control of the fundamental linewidth of the fundamental beam; a Raman resonator located at least partially in said fundamental resonator adapted to receive the fundamental beam and comprising therein, a solid state Raman active medium located therein for generating at least a first Stokes beam from the fundamental beam wherein said Raman resonator cavity is adapted to resonate said Stokes beam therein and further adapted to emit an output beam; and further comprising a nonlinear medium located within the Raman resonator cavity for nonlinear frequency conversion of at least one of the beams present

Abstract: It has been observed that turbulent solder flow, particularly at the opening of a conventional flow well, correlates to a greater degree of Cu dissolution of the PTH barrels of a PCB, especially those that are aligned with the opening. A more laminar solder flow is created to more evenly distribute the solder flow and thus reduce the rate of Cu dissolution near the flow well opening, particularly during a PTH rework process. In one aspect, a flow well for a soldering machine is provided comprising a flow distribution element, wherein solder flowing into the flow well is distributed by the flow distribution element to provide a more laminar flow.

Abstract: It has been observed that turbulent solder flow, particularly at the opening of a conventional flow well, correlates to a greater degree of Cu dissolution of the PTH barrels of a PCB, especially those that are aligned with the opening. A more laminar solder flow is created to more evenly distribute the solder flow and thus reduce the rate of Cu dissolution near the flow well opening, particularly during a PTH rework process. In one aspect, a flow well for a soldering machine is provided comprising a flow distribution element, wherein solder flowing into the flow well is distributed by the flow distribution element to provide a more laminar flow.