Patents by Inventor Craig N. Zimmerman

Craig N. Zimmerman has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

  • Publication number: 20230095637
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2, (CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted of unsubstituted when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition, Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic, groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 7, 2022
    Publication date: March 30, 2023
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Publication number: 20210246103
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition. Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 23, 2021
    Publication date: August 12, 2021
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Publication number: 20210070696
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition, Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 16, 2020
    Publication date: March 11, 2021
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Publication number: 20210070695
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2(CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2(CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition. Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 8, 2020
    Publication date: March 11, 2021
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Patent number: 10647666
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition. Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 10, 2018
    Date of Patent: May 12, 2020
    Assignee: Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Patent number: 10640461
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition. Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 14, 2016
    Date of Patent: May 5, 2020
    Assignee: Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Publication number: 20190276393
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapetitic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition, Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 10, 2018
    Publication date: September 12, 2019
    Applicant: Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Patent number: 10131627
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition. Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 26, 2017
    Date of Patent: November 20, 2018
    Assignee: Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Publication number: 20180111895
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C5 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2(CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2(CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition. Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 26, 2017
    Publication date: April 26, 2018
    Applicant: Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Patent number: 9878980
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2(CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2(CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition, Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 28, 2016
    Date of Patent: January 30, 2018
    Assignee: Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Publication number: 20170044098
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2(CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?S, S(O)2, C(O)2(CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition, Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 28, 2016
    Publication date: February 16, 2017
    Applicant: Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Publication number: 20160279235
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition. Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 14, 2016
    Publication date: September 29, 2016
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Patent number: 9309193
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition. Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 12, 2011
    Date of Patent: April 12, 2016
    Assignee: Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Patent number: 8487129
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition. Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 11, 2011
    Date of Patent: July 16, 2013
    Assignee: Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Publication number: 20120269726
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C1-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition. Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 12, 2011
    Publication date: October 25, 2012
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Publication number: 20120208988
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition. Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 11, 2011
    Publication date: August 16, 2012
    Applicant: MOLECULAR INSIGHTS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Patent number: 8058449
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition. Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 7, 2007
    Date of Patent: November 15, 2011
    Assignee: Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Publication number: 20090180951
    Abstract: A complex, its stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt has the formula I, where: wherein: W is a group that is A, B, or C: R1 is hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy; R2 is a bond, hydrogen or alkyl R3, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, iodine, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyl, amino, aminoalkyl, dialkylamino, or carboxyl; X is a bond, C?O, O?C—O, or CH2; Y is a bond, CH2, or O; m is an integer ranging from 1 to 6; n is an integer ranging from 0 to 6; Metal represents a metallic moiety comprising a radionuclide; and Chelate represents a chelating moiety that coordinates with said radionuclide to form the complex.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 10, 2008
    Publication date: July 16, 2009
    Inventors: Craig N. ZIMMERMAN, John W. BABICH
  • Publication number: 20080193381
    Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition. Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 7, 2007
    Publication date: August 14, 2008
    Inventors: John W. Babich, Craig N. Zimmerman, Kevin P. Maresca
  • Patent number: 7001921
    Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds that are useful for inhibition and prevention of cell adhesion and cell adhesion-mediated pathologies. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations comprising these compounds and methods of using them for inhibition and prevention of cell adhesion and cell adhesion-mediated pathologies. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention can be used as therapeutic or prophylactic agents. They are particularly well-suited for treatment of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 24, 2003
    Date of Patent: February 21, 2006
    Assignee: Biogen Idec MA Inc.
    Inventors: Steven P. Adams, Ko-Chung Lin, Wen-Cherng Lee, Alfredo C. Castro, Craig N. Zimmerman, Charles E. Hammond, Yu-Sheng Liao