Abstract: Treated wood, wood preservative compositions, and methods for treating wood generally include applying to the wood a wood preservative composition comprising a boron containing compound and a pH-reduced black liquor comprising soluble lignin, wherein the boron-containing compound is soluble in the pH-reduced black liquor and wherein the pH-reduced black liquor is derived from a carbonation process or an acid addition process of black liquor having phase-separated solid lignin and/or dense liquid lignin removed therefrom, and drying the wood.

Abstract: Treated wood, wood preservative compositions, and methods for treating wood generally include applying to the wood a wood preservative composition comprising a boron containing compound and a pH-reduced black liquor comprising soluble lignin, wherein the boron-containing compound is soluble in the pH-reduced black liquor and wherein the pH-reduced black liquor is derived from a carbonation process or an acid addition process of black liquor having phase-separated solid lignin and/or dense liquid lignin removed therefrom, and drying the wood.

Abstract: A method for producing copper oxide. In the method, a copper bearing material, aqueous ammonia, and a sufficient amount of an ammonium salt to double the rate of production of copper oxide in the absence of the salt are placed in a single vessel. The vessel is closed, and oxygen is fed into the vessel. The mixture is stirred and heated to a temperature of between approximately 70.degree. and 130.degree. C. to dissolve the copper bearing material into aqueous ammoniacal copper ion. The aqueous ammoniacal copper ion is reacted with the oxygen in the vessel to form solid copper oxide particles, which are then recovered.

Abstract: A wood preservative composition comprises a wood preservative such as a chromated copper arsenate-oil emulsion or an ammoniacal copper arsenate emulsion having about 0.1 to 15 percent chromated copper arsenate, ammoniacal copper arsenate, or ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate, about 1 to 20 percent oil and about 0.3 to 2.5 percent (based on total final emulsion) surfactant material. The first surfactant preferably has a hydrophilic lipophilic balance of about 7 to 9.5 and a second surfactant has a hydrophilic lipophilic balance of about 15 to 20. It is preferred that the first surfactant have an ethoxyl mole ratio less than about 5 and that the second surfactant have a mole ratio greater than about 15. The surfactant material may be composed of a first surfactant having an average mole ratio of about 1 to 5 and a second surfactant having an average mole ratio of about 20 to 100. The composition is storage stable for extended periods and provides a number of beneficial properties for wood products.

Abstract: Water-borne preservative salts are used to impregnate wood by the empty-cell pressure impregnation method without the precipitation of water-borne salts such as chromium, copper and arsenic when wood sugars enter the treating solution during the kickback or pressure release phase of the empty-cell cycle. The lack of precipitation is obtained by maintaining the preservative salts solution at a temperature between about 40.degree. F. and about 70.degree. F.

Abstract: A laminated wooden load support structure is described herein, wherein at least one of the lamina is comprised of a plurality of wooden elements orientated with respect to the load bearing surface or wear surface such that the end-grains of the wood elements of the lamina form a part of the load bearing surface.