Abstract: A system for insuring proper human hydration comprises an oral-suction-activated flow meter (202) which measures and displays (292) the volume of fluid (255) withdrawn from a reservoir (258) through tubing (270). An optional check valve (280) prevents return flow of fluid (255) from the user's mouth (205) to the reservoir (258). Mode and control buttons (294) control operation of a microprocessor (300) and a display (292). Both alphanumeric (292) and graphical (730, 850) displays show the volume withdrawn as a function of time or other events. Drink reminder alarms are provided through a display (292) or loudspeaker (520) to alert the user when it is time for a drink to ensure proper hydration.

Abstract: An increased efficiency method and apparatus for lining a section of pipe with a cement mortar. After a wet cement mortar has been applied to a cleaned interior surface of a pipe, carbon dioxide is introduced into the freshly lined section of the pipe in such quantity that a crust of calcium carbonate will be formed on the interior surface of the wet cement mortar lining as the carbon dioxide reacts with calcium compounds of the wet cement mortar in a relatively short period of time. This crust is provided to protect the underlying mortar from scouring, while tolerating a low-velocity flow of water, until the normal hardening of the underlying mortar through hydration can take place so as to substantially reduce the out-of-service time of the section of pipe which is being lined.

Abstract: An increased efficiency method and apparatus for lining a section of pipe with a cement mortar. After a wet cement mortar has been applied to a cleaned interior surface of a pipe, carbon dioxide is introduced into the freshly lined section of the pipe in such quantity that a crust of calcium carbonate will be formed on the interior surface of the wet cement mortar lining as the carbon dioxide reacts with calcium compounds of the wet cement mortar in a relatively short period of time. This crust is provided to protect the underlying mortar from scouring, while tolerating a low-velocity flow of water, until the normal hardening of the underlying mortar through hydration can take place so as to substantially reduce the out-of-service time of the section of pipe which is being lined.

Abstract: An improved method for lining a section of pipe with a cement mortar. After a wet cement mortar has been applied to a cleaned interior surface of a pipe, carbon dioxide is introduced into the freshly lined section of the pipe in such quantity that a crust of calcium carbonate will be formed on the surface of the wet cement mortar lining as the carbon dioxide reacts with calcium compounds of the wet cement mortar in a relatively short period of time. This crust is provided to tolerate a low-velocity flow of water to protect the underlying mortar from scouring until the normal hardening of the underlying mortar through hydration can take place so as to substantially reduce the out-of-service time of the section of pipe which is being lined.