Abstract: An indirect haptic device includes a substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface, and a plurality of haptic electrodes and a plurality of island electrodes arranged on the top surface. The device further includes a plurality of transmit electrodes and a plurality of receive electrodes arranged on the bottom surface, a position sensor, and a friction modulator. The device further includes a control device configured to apply bipolar electrical signals to the plurality of transmit electrodes to detect touch locations of a user's appendage and to modulate the friction between the user's appendage and the touch surface. Each of the plurality of haptic electrodes are substantially aligned with and capacitively coupled to a corresponding two of the plurality of transmit electrodes.

Abstract: An indirect haptic device includes a substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface, and a plurality of haptic electrodes and a plurality of island electrodes arranged on the top surface. The device further includes a plurality of transmit electrodes and a plurality of receive electrodes arranged on the bottom surface, a position sensor, and a friction modulator. The device further includes a control device configured to apply bipolar electrical signals to the plurality of transmit electrodes to detect touch locations of a user's appendage and to modulate the friction between the user's appendage and the touch surface. Each of the plurality of haptic electrodes are substantially aligned with and capacitively coupled to a corresponding two of the plurality of transmit electrodes.

Abstract: An indirect haptic device includes a substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface, and a plurality of haptic electrodes and a plurality of island electrodes arranged on the top surface. The device further includes a plurality of transmit electrodes and a plurality of receive electrodes arranged on the bottom surface, a position sensor, and a friction modulator. The device further includes a control device configured to apply bipolar electrical signals to the plurality of transmit electrodes to detect touch locations of a user's appendage and to modulate the friction between the user's appendage and the touch surface. Each of the plurality of haptic electrodes are substantially aligned with and capacitively coupled to a corresponding two of the plurality of transmit electrodes.

Abstract: An indirect haptic device includes a substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface, and a plurality of haptic electrodes and a plurality of island electrodes arranged on the top surface. The device further includes a plurality of transmit electrodes and a plurality of receive electrodes arranged on the bottom surface, a position sensor, and a friction modulator. The device further includes a control device configured to apply bipolar electrical signals to the plurality of transmit electrodes to detect touch locations of a user's appendage and to modulate the friction between the user's appendage and the touch surface. Each of the plurality of haptic electrodes are substantially aligned with and capacitively coupled to a corresponding two of the plurality of transmit electrodes.

Abstract: A touch interface device that produces tactile and audio output comprising a touch surface, an first electrode coupled to the touch surface that receives a first haptic/audio output potential, a second electrode coupled to a low impedance return path to the device, the first and second electrodes being configured such that when both the first and second electrodes are touched by an appendage of a user, a current flows between the first and second electrodes and the appendage, where the current creates an electric field that imparts a controlled electrostatic force at interfaces of the first electrode and the appendage, and wherein the electrostatic force provides tactile feedback to the appendage of the user and causes vibration in the surrounding air that is audible to the user.

Abstract: A touch interface device that produces tactile and audio output comprising a touch surface, an first electrode coupled to the touch surface that receives a first haptic/audio output potential, a second electrode coupled to a low impedance return path to the device, the first and second electrodes being configured such that when both the first and second electrodes are touched by an appendage of a user, a current flows between the first and second electrodes and the appendage, where the current creates an electric field that imparts a controlled electrostatic force at interfaces of the first electrode and the appendage, and wherein the electrostatic force provides tactile feedback to the appendage of the user and causes vibration in the surrounding air that is audible to the user.