Abstract: A method of identifying a bond boundary between a sound bond and weak bond in a multilayer article may include determining a plurality of positions on a surface of the article; for each position of the plurality of positions, obtaining a full-wave, time domain waveform of ultrasonic waves reflected from the article; and, for each pair of adjacent positions among the plurality of positions, determining whether there is a bond boundary between a first position and a second position based on a comparison of a waveform characteristic of a first waveform generated at the first position and the waveform characteristic of a second waveform generated at the second position; and in response to a determination that there is a bond boundary between the first position and the second position, determining a boundary position based on the first position and the second position and memorializing the boundary position.

Abstract: A dissimilar metal article may include a first metallic component including a first metal material, a second metallic component comprising a second metal material, and a transition joint provided between and bonding a first metallic component first end surface to a second metallic component first end surface. An additive flow material may be further provided to the dissimilar metal article to strengthen the joint between the first metallic component and the second metallic component.

Abstract: A method of identifying a bond boundary between a sound bond and weak bond in a multilayer article may include determining a plurality of positions on a surface of the article; for each position of the plurality of positions, obtaining a full-wave, time domain waveform of ultrasonic waves reflected from the article; and, for each pair of adjacent positions among the plurality of positions, determining whether there is a bond boundary between a first position and a second position based on a comparison of a waveform characteristic of a first waveform generated at the first position and the waveform characteristic of a second waveform generated at the second position; and in response to a determination that there is a bond boundary between the first position and the second position, determining a boundary position based on the first position and the second position and memorializing the boundary position.

Abstract: A dissimilar metal article may include a first metallic component including a first metal material, a second metallic component comprising a second metal material, and a transition joint provided between and bonding a first metallic component first end surface to a second metallic component first end surface. An additive flow material may be further provided to the dissimilar metal article to strengthen the joint between the first metallic component and the second metallic component.

Abstract: A cladded article may include a first metallic layer, a clad layer, and a first solid-state welding interface region positioned between the clad layer and the first metallic layer. The clad layer may include a first clad layer region having a first clad layer thickness in a thickness direction of the clad layer and a second clad layer region having a second clad layer thickness in the thickness direction of the clad layer. The second clad layer thickness may be greater than the first clad layer thickness.

Abstract: A cladded article may include a first metallic layer, a clad layer, and a first solid-state welding interface region positioned between the clad layer and the first metallic layer. The clad layer may include a first clad layer region having a first clad layer thickness in a thickness direction of the clad layer and a second clad layer region having a second clad layer thickness in the thickness direction of the clad layer. The second clad layer thickness may be greater than the first clad layer thickness.

Abstract: A method of identifying a bond boundary between a sound bond and weak bond in a multilayer article may include determining a plurality of positions on a surface of the article; for each position of the plurality of positions, obtaining a full-wave, time domain waveform of ultrasonic waves reflected from the article; and, for each pair of adjacent positions among the plurality of positions, determining whether there is a bond boundary between a first position and a second position based on a comparison of a waveform characteristic of a first waveform generated at the first position and the waveform characteristic of a second waveform generated at the second position; and in response to a determination that there is a bond boundary between the first position and the second position, determining a boundary position based on the first position and the second position and memorializing the boundary position.

Abstract: A dissimilar metal article may include a first metallic component including a first metal material, a second metallic component comprising a second metal material, and a transition joint provided between and bonding a first metallic component first end surface to a second metallic component first end surface. An additive flow material may be further provided to the dissimilar metal article to strengthen the joint between the first metallic component and the second metallic component.

Abstract: A cladded article may include a first metallic layer, a clad layer, and a first solid-state welding interface region positioned between the clad layer and the first metallic layer. The clad layer may include a first clad layer region having a first clad layer thickness in a thickness direction of the clad layer and a second clad layer region having a second clad layer thickness in the thickness direction of the clad layer. The second clad layer thickness may be greater than the first clad layer thickness.

Abstract: A method for repairing a crushing device or other device configured to comminute material includes the steps of removing at least one first insert from a portion of a crushing body such that at least one opening is formed in the portion of the crushing body, positioning at least one second insert in the at least one opening formed by the removing of the at least one first insert, positioning a force application mechanism adjacent to the at least one second insert and the portion of the crushing body, and actuating the force application mechanism to deform the portion of the crushing body to attach the at least one second insert to the portion of the crushing body. The one or more first inserts may be damaged and the one or more second inserts may be used to replace the one or more damaged first inserts. The force application mechanism is preferably explosive material. A method of forming a wearable surface is also disclosed.

Abstract: A wearable surface for a device configured for material comminution wherein the wearable surface is comprised of a first metal structure attached to at least one insert via a deformation of a portion of the first metal structure by a transfer of force caused by igniting at least one explosive material, the inserts being harder than the first metal structure wherein the wear surface is sized and configured to support or retain a material to be impacted and crushed by the crushing body. The wearable surface may be, for example, a semi-autogenous layer of a roller or may be a wearable surface of a crushing body of a crushing device configured to impact, crush, or grind material such as rock, minerals, ore or agglomerated material. Devices that include such a wearable surface are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making a wearable surface for a device configured for material comminution includes positioning inserts adjacent to a first metal structure positioning a second metal structure adjacent to the inserts and the first metal structure such that there is a gap between the second metal structure and the first metal structure, and positioning at least one explosive adjacent to the second metal structure. The one or more explosives are ignited adjacent to the second metal structure to cause a portion of the first metal structure to deform to attach the inserts to the first metal structure. The wearable surface may be, for example, a semi-autogenous layer of a roller or may be a wearable surface of a crushing body of a crushing device configured to impact, crush, or grind material such as rock, minerals, ore or agglomerated material. Devices that include such a wearable surface are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for repairing a crushing device or other device configured to comminute material includes the steps of removing at least one first insert from a portion of a crushing body such that at least one opening is formed in the portion of the crushing body, positioning at least one second insert in the at least one opening formed by the removing of the at least one first insert, positioning a force application mechanism adjacent to the at least one second insert and the portion of the crushing body, and actuating the force application mechanism to deform the portion of the crushing body to attach the at least one second insert to the portion of the crushing body. The one or more first inserts may be damaged and the one or more second inserts may be used to replace the one or more damaged first inserts. The force application mechanism is preferably explosive material. A method of forming a wearable surface is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making a wearable surface for a device configured for material comminution includes positioning inserts adjacent to a first metal structure positioning a second metal structure adjacent to the inserts and the first metal structure such that there is a gap between the second metal structure and the first metal structure, and positioning at least one explosive adjacent to the second metal structure. The one or more explosives are ignited adjacent to the second metal structure to cause a portion of the first metal structure to deform to attach the inserts to the first metal structure. The wearable surface may be, for example, a semi-autogenous layer of a roller or may be a wearable surface of a crushing body of a crushing device configured to impact, crush, or grind material such as rock, minerals, ore or agglomerated material. Devices that include such a wearable surface are also disclosed.