Abstract: An apparatus includes a transparent chamber having a space therein for containing an object while heating under vacuum, at least one directed energy source configured to direct energy to heat the object positioned within the space of the transparent chamber, a cap on the transparent chamber, and a connection between the transparent chamber and at least one vacuum for creating a vacuum within the transparent chamber. The apparatus may further include at least one temperature sensor to measure temperature of the object. The apparatus may further include a control system, the control system operatively connected to the at least one temperature sensor and the at least one directed energy source and wherein the control system is a closed loop system to adjust laser power to provide more or less energy to heat or maintain the temperature of the object.

Abstract: Nano-sized particles of barium-titanate are heated as a gas mixture of 25% hydrogen and 75% nitrogen is passed there through yielding particles of barium-titanate having oxygen vacancies therein. The particles of barium-titanate having oxygen vacancies therein are coated with silica yielding silica-coated particles having a silica coating thickness in a range of 2-5 nanometers. The silica-coated particles are sintered by application of pressure in a range of 35-50 megapascals and temperature in a range of 950-1050° C. The sintered quantity of material is cooled at a cooling rate in a range of 1-3° C. per minute at least until the temperature thereof is less than 120° C.

Abstract: An energy storage capacitor has a solid dielectric sandwiched between two electrodes. The solid dielectric is a lanthanum-doped barium titanate-based ceramic material. A dopant is selected from the group consisting of lanthanum hydroxide and lanthanum oxide, and a co-dopant is an alkali hydroxide selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide.

Abstract: A solid dielectric for an energy storage capacitor is a lanthanum-doped barium titanate-based ceramic material. A dopant is selected from the group consisting of lanthanum hydroxide and lanthanum oxide, and a co-dopant is an alkali hydroxide selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide.

Abstract: An ink of the formula: 60-80% by weight BaTiO3 particles coated with SiO2; 5-50% by weight high dielectric constant glass; 0.1-5% by weight surfactant; 5-25% by weight solvent; and 5-25% weight organic vehicle. Also a dielectric made by: heating particles of BaTiO3 for a special heating cycle, under a mixture of 70-96% by volume N2 and 4-30% by volume H2 gas; depositing a film of SiO2 over the particles; mechanically separating the particles; forming them into a layer; and heating at 850-900° C. for less than 5 minutes and allowing the layer to cool to ambient temperature in N2 atmosphere.

Abstract: Nano-sized powder particles of barium titanate are coated with silica yielding silica-coated particles having a silica coating thickness in a range of 2-5 nanometers. The silica-coated particles are sintered by application of pressure in a range of 35-50 megapascals and temperature in a range of 950-1050° C. The sintered quantity of material is cooled at a cooling rate in a range of 1-3° C. per minute at least until the temperature thereof is less than 120° C.

Abstract: An energy storage system includes a hermetically-sealed casing defining a volume whose relative humidity is a range of 30-90%. At least one energy storage capacitor disposed in the volume has a solid dielectric sandwiched between two electrodes with the solid dielectric being a lanthanum-doped barium titanate-based ceramic material.

Abstract: A solid dielectric for an energy storage capacitor is a lanthanum-doped barium titanate-based ceramic material. A dopant is selected from the group consisting of lanthanum hydroxide and lanthanum oxide, and a co-dopant is an alkali hydroxide selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide.

Abstract: An energy storage capacitor has a solid dielectric sandwiched between two electrodes. The solid dielectric is a lanthanum-doped barium titanate-based ceramic material. A dopant is selected from the group consisting of lanthanum hydroxide and lanthanum oxide, and a co-dopant is an alkali hydroxide selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide.

Abstract: An energy storage system includes a hermetically-sealed casing defining a volume whose relative humidity is a range of 30-90%. At least one energy storage capacitor disposed in the volume has a solid dielectric sandwiched between two electrodes with the solid dielectric being a lanthanum-doped barium titanate-based ceramic material.

Abstract: An ink of the formula: 60-80% by weight BaTiO3 particles coated with SiO2; 5-50% by weight high dielectric constant glass; 0.1-5% by weight surfactant; 5-25% by weight solvent; and 5-25% weight organic vehicle. Also a dielectric made by: heating particles of BaTiO3 for a special heating cycle, under a mixture of 70-96% by volume N2 and 4-30% by volume H2 gas; depositing a film of SiO2 over the particles; mechanically separating the particles; forming them into a layer; and heating at 850-900° C. for less than 5 minutes and allowing the layer to cool to ambient temperature in N2 atmosphere.

Abstract: An ink of the formula: 60-80% by weight BaTiO3 particles coated with SiO2; 5-50% by weight high dielectric constant glass; 0.1-5% by weight surfactant; 5-25% by weight solvent; and 5-25% weight organic vehicle. Also a method of manufacturing a capacitor comprising the steps of: heating particles of BaTiO3 for a special heating cycle, under a mixture of 70-96% by volume N2 and 4-30% by volume H2 gas; depositing a film of SiO2 over the particles; mechanically separating the particles; incorporating them into the above described ink formulation; depositing the ink on a substrate; and heating at 850-900° C. for less than 5 minutes and allowing the ink and substrate to cool to ambient in N2 atmosphere. Also a dielectric made by: heating particles of BaTiO3 for a special heating cycle, under a mixture of 70-96% by volume N2 and 4-30% by volume H2 gas; depositing a film of SiO2 over the particles; mechanically separating the particles; forming them into a layer; and heating at 850-900° C.

Abstract: The present invention is a dielectric ink and means for printing using said ink. Approximately 10-20% of the ink is a custom organic vehicle made of a polar solvent and a binder. Approximately 30-70% of the ink is a dielectric powder having an average particle diameter of approximately 10-750 nm. Approximately 5-15% of the ink is a dielectric constant glass. Approximately 10-35% of the ink is an additional amount of solvent. The ink is deposited on a printing substrate to form at least one printed product, which is then dried and cured to remove the solvent and binder, respectively. The printed product then undergoes sintering in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: An ink of the formula: 60-80% by weight BaTiO3 particles coated with SiO2; 5-50% by weight high dielectric constant glass; 0.1-5% by weight surfactant; 5-25% by weight solvent; and 5-25% weight organic vehicle. Also a method of manufacturing a capacitor comprising the steps of: heating particles of BaTiO3 for a special heating cycle, under a mixture of 70-96% by volume N2 and 4-30% by volume H2 gas; depositing a film of SiO2 over the particles; mechanically separating the particles; incorporating them into the above described ink formulation; depositing the ink on a substrate; and heating at 850-900° C. for less than 5 minutes and allowing the ink and substrate to cool to ambient in N2 atmosphere. Also a dielectric made by: heating particles of BaTiO3 for a special heating cycle, under a mixture of 70-96% by volume N2 and 4-30% by volume H2 gas; depositing a film of SiO2 over the particles; mechanically separating the particles; forming them into a layer; and heating at 850-900° C.

Abstract: The present invention is a dielectric ink and means for printing using said ink. Approximately 10-20% of the ink is a custom organic vehicle made of a polar solvent and a binder. Approximately 30-70% of the ink is a dielectric powder having an average particle diameter of approximately 10-750 nm. Approximately 5-15% of the ink is a dielectric constant glass. Approximately 10-35% of the ink is an additional amount of solvent. The ink is deposited on a printing substrate to form at least one printed product, which is then dried and cured to remove the solvent and binder, respectively. The printed product then undergoes sintering in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: An inked electrical conductor comprises a mixture of silver powder and ethyl cellulose. The silver powder is in a range of approximately 99.0 weight percent of the mixture to approximately 99.5 weight percent of the mixture. The ethyl cellulose is in a range of approximately 0.5 weight percent of the mixture to approximately 1.0 weight percent of the mixture.