Abstract: An exemplary medical imaging system includes a visible light illumination system configured to selectively emit one of a first visible light biased to a first wavelength and a second visible light biased to a second wavelength, a fluorescence excitation illumination system configured to selectively emit one of a first fluorescence excitation illumination having a third wavelength and a second fluorescence excitation illumination having a fourth wavelength, and an illumination source control unit configured to selectively direct the visible light illumination system to emit the second visible light and the fluorescence excitation illumination system to emit the first fluorescence excitation illumination for use with a first fluorescence imaging agent, and selectively direct the visible light illumination system to emit the first visible light and the fluorescence excitation illumination system to emit the second fluorescence excitation illumination for use with a second fluorescence imaging agent.

Abstract: A two-by-two pixel array within an image sensor includes a first pixel, a second pixel, a third pixel, and a fourth pixel. A red filter covers the first pixel, a first blue filter covers the second pixel, a second blue filter covers the third pixel, and a green filter covers the fourth pixel. The red filter is configured to allow the first pixel to collect a red component of visible light and prevent the first pixel from collecting blue and green components of the visible light. The first and second blue filters are configured to allow the second and third pixels to each collect the blue component and prevent the second and third pixels from collecting the red and green components. The green filter is configured to allow the fourth pixel to collect the green component and prevent the fourth pixel from collecting the red and blue components.

Abstract: Electronic devices may be provided with imaging modules that include plasmonic light collectors. Plasmonic light collectors may be configured to exploit an interaction between incoming light and plasmons in the plasmonic light collector to alter the path of the incoming light. Plasmonic light collectors may include one or more spectrally tuned plasmonic image pixels configured to preferentially trap light of a given frequency. Spectrally tuned plasmonic image pixels may include plasmonic structures formed form a patterned metal layer over doped silicon layers. Doped silicon layers may be interposed between plasmonic structures and a reflective layer. Plasmonic image pixels may be used to absorb and detect as much as, or more than, ninety percent of incident light at wavelengths ranging from the infrared to the ultraviolet. Plasmonic image pixels that capture light of different colors may be arranged in patterned arrays to form imager modules or imaging spectrometers for optofluidic microscopes.

Abstract: An image sensor integrated circuit may contain image sensor pixels. A channel containing a fluid with particles such as cells may be formed on top of the image sensor. Some of the image sensor pixels may form a calibration sensor and some of the image sensor pixels may form an imager. As the fluid and particles flow through the channel at a flow rate, the calibration sensor may measures the flow rate and illumination intensity in the channel. Based on calibration data such as measured flow rate and measured illumination intensity, adjustments may be made to ensure that the imager acquires satisfactory image data. The adjustments may include flow rate adjustments, image acquisition data rate adjustments, and illumination adjustments. A processing unit in the channel may contain a laser or other component to destroy selected cells. A flared region in the channel may be used as a chromatograph.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a camera module. The camera module may include a camera sensor divided into two or more regions. The various regions of the camera sensor may include lenses that filter different polarizations of incident light. As one example, a first half of the camera sensor may include a lens that passes unpolarized light to the first half of the camera sensor, while a second half of the camera sensor may include a lens that passes light of a particular polarization to the second half of the camera sensor. If desired, the camera sensor may include microlenses over individual image sensing pixels. Some of the microlenses may select for particular polarizations of incident light. The electronic device may include a component that emits structured or polarized light and the camera sensor may have lenses that are mapped to the light emitted by the component.

Abstract: Electronic devices may be provided with imaging modules that include plasmonic light collectors. Plasmonic light collectors may be configured to exploit an interaction between incoming light and plasmons in the plasmonic light collector to alter the path of the incoming light. Plasmonic light collectors may include one or more spectrally tuned plasmonic image pixels configured to preferentially trap light of a given frequency. Spectrally tuned plasmonic image pixels may include plasmonic structures formed form a patterned metal layer over doped silicon layers. Doped silicon layers may be interposed between plasmonic structures and a reflective layer. Plasmonic image pixels may be used to absorb and detect as much as, or more than, ninety percent of incident light at wavelengths ranging from the infrared to the ultraviolet. Plasmonic image pixels that capture light of different colors may be arranged in patterned arrays to form imager modules or imaging spectrometers for optofluidic microscopes.

Abstract: An integrated circuit may contain image sensor pixels. Channels containing a fluid with samples such as cells may be formed on top of the image sensor. Control circuitry may be formed on the integrated circuit. The image sensor pixels may form light sensors and imagers. Portions of the channel may have multiple chambers such as fluorescence detection chambers. Gating structures and other fluid control structures may control the flow of fluid through the channels and chambers. Portions of the channel may be used to form chambers. The chambers may each be provided with one or more light sensors, light sources, and color filters to alter the color of illumination form a light source, one or more reactants such as dyes, antigens, and antibodies, and heaters. The control circuitry may be configured to control the imagers, the gating structures, the fluid control structures, the light source, the heaters, etc.

Abstract: An image sensor integrated circuit may contain image sensor pixels. A channel containing a fluid with particles such as cells may be formed on top of the image sensor. Some of the image sensor pixels may form a calibration sensor and some of the image sensor pixels may form an imager. As the fluid and particles flow through the channel at a flow rate, the calibration sensor may measures the flow rate and illumination intensity in the channel. Based on calibration data such as measured flow rate and measured illumination intensity, adjustments may be made to ensure that the imager acquires satisfactory image data. The adjustments may include flow rate adjustments, image acquisition data rate adjustments, and illumination adjustments. A processing unit in the channel may contain a laser or other component to destroy selected cells. A flared region in the channel may be used as a chromatograph.

Abstract: An image sensor integrated circuit may contain image sensor pixels. Channels containing a fluid with cells or other material may be formed on top of the image sensor. The image sensor pixels may form imagers. Each imager may be located in a respective one of the channels. Reactant chambers may be used to expose the particles in the fluid to reactant. The imagers may gather images of the cells or other particles as the fluid passes over the imagers following exposure to the reactant. Spent sample chambers at the ends of the channels may be used to collect the fluid after the fluid has passed over the imagers. Image data from the imagers may be processed by control circuitry on the image sensor integrated circuit and external equipment.

Abstract: An image sensor integrated circuit may contain image sensor pixels. A channel containing a fluid with particles such as cells may be formed on top of the image sensor. The image sensor pixels may form light sensors and imagers. The imagers may gather images of the cells or other particles as the fluid passes over the imagers. The channel may have multiple branches. Gating structures and other fluid control structures may control the flow of fluid through the channel branches. Portions of the channel may be used to form chambers. The chambers may each be provided with one or more light sensors, light sources, and color filters to alter the color of illumination form a light source, one or more reactants such as dyes, antigens, and antibodies, and heaters. The branches may route the fluid to respective chambers each of which has a different set of capabilities.