Abstract: Features of substrates are copper electroplated by a method which involves copper electroplating selectively deposited seed layers or seed layers of photoresist defined features with a copper electroplating composition containing select suppressor compounds and select leveler compounds which enable anisotropic plating. Optionally, the seed layers can be treated with an aqueous solution of sulfur containing accelerators prior to copper electroplating.

Abstract: Provided is an optical waveguide comprising a core surrounded by a cladding, wherein the core is in the shape of a trapezoid with sidewall angles between 60° and 85° and an opto-electronic circuit comprising the optical waveguide. Operational characteristics of the optical waveguide are shown to be superior to those of incumbent devices.

Abstract: A methodology for synthesizing a nanoparticle batch, such as but not limited to a metal chalcogenide nanoparticle batch and further such as but not limited to a metal sulfide nanoparticle batch is predicated upon an expectation and observation that at elevated concentrations of at least one reactant material within a heat-up nanoparticle batch synthesis method, the resulting nucleated batch comprises nanoparticles that may be dimensionally focused to provide a substantially monodisperse nanoparticle batch. The embodied methodology is also applicable to a continuous reactor. The embodied methodology also considers viscosity as a dimensionally focusing result effective variable.

Abstract: A methodology for synthesizing a nanoparticle batch, such as but not limited to a metal chalcogenide nanoparticle batch and further such as but not limited to a metal sulfide nanoparticle batch is predicated upon an expectation and observation that at elevated concentrations of at least one reactant material within a heat-up nanoparticle batch synthesis method, the resulting nucleated batch comprises nanoparticles that may be dimensionally focused to provide a substantially monodisperse nanoparticle batch. The embodied methodology is also applicable to a continuous reactor. The embodied methodology also considers viscosity as a dimensionally focusing result effective variable.

Abstract: A pile fabric may be employed in automotive, furniture upholstery and other applications. Pile surfaces on such fabrics may be provided in tufts, or collections of fiber bundles, arranged in rows upon a base portion. Fabrics and methods of making fabrics which minimize the average amount of void space between respective tufts or rows are disclosed. Fabrics which provide more effective overall fabric coverage upon base portions of the fabric are described. A method of “heat shocking” fibers during the drawing of said fibers to pre-stress the fiber and thereby produce a fabric having greater bloom or bulk is disclosed. Providing differential heat history to predetermined portions of the fiber may be a suitable manner of obtaining a fiber which can be used to form a fabric having greater bulk.

Abstract: A pile fabric may be employed in automotive, furniture upholstery and other applications. Pile surfaces on such fabrics may be provided in tufts, or collections of fiber bundles, arranged in rows upon a base portion. Fabrics and methods of making fabrics which minimize the average amount of void space between respective tufts or rows are disclosed. Fabrics which provide more effective overall fabric coverage upon base portions of the fabric are described. A method of “heat shocking” fibers during the drawing of said fibers to pre-stress the fiber and thereby produce a fabric having greater bloom or bulk is disclosed. Providing differential heat history to predetermined portions of the fiber may be a suitable manner of obtaining a fiber which can be used to form a fabric having greater bulk.