Abstract: Provided herein are methods for treating, preventing or alleviating the symptoms of and inflammation associated with inflammatory diseases and conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, for example, those involving the esophagus. Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions useful for the methods of the present invention.

Abstract: A mote includes an optical receiver that wirelessly receives a power and data signal in form of NIR light energy within a patient and converts the NIR light energy to an electrical signal having a supply voltage. A control module supplies the supply voltage to power devices of the mote. A clock generation circuit locks onto a target clock frequency based on the power and data signal and generates clock signals. A data recovery circuit sets parameters of one of the devices based on the power and data signal and a first clock signal. An amplifier amplifies a neuron signal detected via an electrode inserted in tissue of the patient. A chip identifier module, based on a second clock signal, generates a recorded data signal based on a mote chip identifier and the neuron signal. A driver transmits the recorded data signal via a LED or a RF transmitter.

Abstract: A method of increasing an efficiency at which a plurality of threshold gates arranged as neuromorphic hardware is able to perform a linear algebraic calculation having a dominant size of N. The computer-implemented method includes using the plurality of threshold gates to perform the linear algebraic calculation in a manner that is simultaneously efficient and at a near constant depth. “Efficient” is defined as a calculation algorithm that uses fewer of the plurality of threshold gates than a naïve algorithm. The naïve algorithm is a straightforward algorithm for solving the linear algebraic calculation. “Constant depth” is defined as an algorithm that has an execution time that is independent of a size of an input to the linear algebraic calculation. The near constant depth comprises a computing depth equal to or between O(log(log(N)) and the constant depth.

Abstract: A method of increasing an efficiency at which a plurality of threshold gates arranged as neuromorphic hardware is able to perform a linear algebraic calculation having a dominant size of N. The computer-implemented method includes using the plurality of threshold gates to perform the linear algebraic calculation in a manner that is simultaneously efficient and at a near constant depth. “Efficient” is defined as a calculation algorithm that uses fewer of the plurality of threshold gates than a naïve algorithm. The naïve algorithm is a straightforward algorithm for solving the linear algebraic calculation. “Constant depth” is defined as an algorithm that has an execution time that is independent of a size of an input to the linear algebraic calculation. The near constant depth comprises a computing depth equal to or between O(log(log(N)) and the constant depth.

Abstract: The apparatus according to present invention comprises a combination of a drinking vessel and a geometrically shaped collar that is divided into at least two pieces such that the collar can encircle and snugly fit onto a stem or handle of a glass, cup or mug whereby when attached the collar is not movable relative to the stem or handle. When the at least two pieces of the collar are joined together to surround the stem of a glass, handle of a mug or the actual glass body itself, the geometrically shaped collar is restored to its original shape and form.

Abstract: The apparatus according to present invention comprises a combination of a drinking vessel and a geometrically shaped collar that is divided into at least two pieces such that the collar can encircle and snugly fit onto a stem or handle of a glass, cup or mug whereby when attached the collar is not movable relative to the stem or handle. When the at least two pieces of the collar are joined together to surround the stem of a glass, handle of a mug or the actual glass body itself, the geometrically shaped collar is restored to its original shape and form.

Abstract: The apparatus according to present invention comprises a combination of a drinking vessel and a geometrically shaped collar that is divided into at least two pieces such that the collar can encircle and snugly fit onto a stem or handle of a glass, cup or mug whereby when attached the collar is not movable relative to the stem or handle. When the at least two pieces of the collar are joined together to surround the stem of a glass, handle of a mug or the actual glass body itself, the geometrically shaped collar is restored to its original shape and form.

Abstract: The apparatus according to present invention comprises a geometrically shaped collar that is divided into at least two pieces such that the collar can encircle and snugly fit onto a stem or handle of a glass, cup or mug whereby when attached the collar is not movable relative to the stem or handle. When the at least two pieces of the collar are joined together to surround the stem of a glass, handle of a mug or the actual glass body itself, the geometrically shaped collar is restored to its original shape and form.

Abstract: In a multiple processor computing apparatus, directional routing restrictions and a logical channel construct permit fault tolerant, deadlock-free routing. Processor allocation can be performed by creating a linear ordering of the processors based on routing rules used for routing communications between the processors. The linear ordering can assume a loop configuration, and bin-packing is applied to this loop configuration. The interconnection of the processors can be conceptualized as a generally rectangular 3-dimensional grid, and the MC allocation algorithm is applied with respect to the 3-dimensional grid.

Abstract: A computer system analysis tool and method that will allow for qualitative and quantitative assessment of security attributes and vulnerabilities in systems including computer networks. The invention is based on generation of attack graphs wherein each node represents a possible attack state and each edge represents a change in state caused by a single action taken by an attacker or unwitting assistant. Edges are weighted using metrics such as attacker effort, likelihood of attack success, or time to succeed. Generation of an attack graph is accomplished by matching information about attack requirements (specified in “attack templates”) to information about computer system configuration (contained in a configuration file that can be updated to reflect system changes occurring during the course of an attack) and assumed attacker capabilities (reflected in “attacker profiles”).

Abstract: A pair of reactant gas manifolds (11 and 12) on opposite sides of a fuel cell stack (7) are sealed to the fuel cells (14) and pressure plates (8) by means of pressure applied by load cables (17). The centers of the manifolds are prevented from having leakage between them and the end plates by means of a tensioning system comprising a plurality of pins (22) extending outwardly from the ends of the manifolds, and tensioning cables (23) extending around the pins in a closed loop and tensioned by a turnbuckle (24).