Abstract: Cancers of different cellular or tissue origins express different ENOX2 cancer isoforms or combinations of isoforms and shed these proteins into the circulation. Herein are disclosed methods both for cancer detection and diagnosis of particular origin, based on the patterns and molecular weights of the isoforms which allow the identification of the cell type and or tissue of origin of the neoplasm. Relative ENOX2 amounts are proportional to tumor burden and provide a reliable measure of response to therapy and disease progression. Also provided is the amino acid sequence to which the scFv antibodies bind as the molecular basis for the specificity of the test.

Abstract: Cancers of different cellular or tissue origins express different ENOX2 cancer isoforms or combinations of isoforms and shed these proteins into the circulation. Herein are disclosed methods both for cancer detection and diagnosis of particular origin, based on the patterns and molecular weights of the isoforms which allow the identification of the cell type and or tissue of origin of the neoplasm. Relative ENOX2 amounts are proportional to tumor burden and provide a reliable measure of response to therapy and disease progression. Also provided is the amino acid sequence to which the scFv antibodies bind as the molecular basis for the specificity of the test.

Abstract: The present invention includes a semi-quantitative method for the detection of ENOX2 transcript variants from one or more anti-ENOX2 antibody-binding spots on a blot comprising the steps of: electrophoretically separating proteins from a concentrated blood, serum, or plasma sample from the subject; transferring the electrophoretically separated proteins to a substrate; separating the one or more ENOX2 transcript variants from the one or more anti-ENOX2 antibody-binding spots; and measuring an ENOX2-catalyzed conversion of an ionic silver or gold to a colloidal silver or gold detected by light scattering from the one or more anti-ENOX2 antibody binding spots on the substrate, wherein each of the one or more spots is indicative of the ENOX2 transcript variant. Also provided is the basis for a point of care test to detect ENOX2 transcript variants based on use of colloidal gold or silver complexes with ENOX2 as a rapid simple test for cancer presence.

Abstract: Cancers of different cellular or tissue origins express different ENOX2 cancer isoforms or combinations of isoforms and shed these proteins into the circulation. Herein are disclosed methods both for cancer detection and diagnosis of particular origin, based on the patterns and molecular weights of the isoforms which allow the identification of the cell type and or tissue of origin of the neoplasm. Relative ENOX2 amounts are proportional to tumor burden and provide a reliable measure of response to therapy and disease progression. Also provided is the amino acid sequence to which the scFv antibodies bind as the molecular basis for the specificity of the test.

Abstract: The present invention includes a semi-quantitative method for the detection of ENOX2 transcript variants from one or more anti-ENOX2 antibody-binding spots on a blot comprising the steps of: electrophoretically separating proteins from a concentrated blood, serum, or plasma sample from the subject; transferring the electrophoretically separated proteins to a substrate; separating the one or more ENOX2 transcript variants from the one or more anti-ENOX2 antibody-binding spots; and measuring an ENOX2-catalyzed conversion of an ionic silver or gold to a colloidal silver or gold detected by light scattering from the one or more anti-ENOX2 antibody binding spots on the substrate, wherein each of the one or more spots is indicative of the ENOX2 transcript variant. Also provided is the basis for a point of care test to detect ENOX2 transcript variants based on use of colloidal gold or silver complexes with ENOX2 as a rapid simple test for cancer presence.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods for detecting benign to malignant transformation of a cancer in a subject, comprising the steps of: collecting a sample from the subject prior to electrophoretic protein separation; activating electrophoretically separated ENOX2 transcript variants with an ENOX2 electron donor; and detecting the presence of the one or more activated ENOX2 transcript variants using a pan-ENOX2 detectable binding reagent, wherein the presence of one or more activated ENOX2 transcript variants in the sample is indicative of the malignant transformation of the cancer, whereby a 10 to 100 fold increase in detection sensitivity is obtained for the one or more activated ENOX2 transcript variants when compared to an equivalent non-activated ENOX2 transcript variant.

Abstract: Cancers of different cellular or tissue origins express different ENOX2 cancer isoforms or combinations of isoforms and shed these proteins into the circulation. Herein are disclosed methods both for cancer detection and diagnosis of particular origin, based on the patterns and molecular weights of the isoforms which allow the identification of the cell type and or tissue of origin of the neoplasm. Relative ENOX2 amounts are proportional to tumor burden and provide a reliable measure of response to therapy and disease progression. Also provided is the amino acid sequence to which the scFv antibodies bind as the molecular basis for the specificity of the test.

Abstract: Cancers of different cellular or tissue origins express different ENOX2 cancer isoforms or combinations of isoforms and shed these proteins into the circulation. Herein are disclosed methods both for cancer detection and diagnosis of particular origin, based on the patterns and molecular weights of the isoforms which allow the identification of the cell type and or tissue of origin of the neoplasm. Relative ENOX2 amounts are proportional to tumor burden and provide a reliable measure of response to therapy and disease progression. Also provided is the amino acid sequence to which the scFv antibodies bind as the molecular basis for the specificity of the test.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods for detecting benign to malignant transformation of a cancer in a subject, comprising the steps of: collecting a sample from the subject prior to electrophoretic protein separation; activating electrophoretically separated ENOX2 transcript variants with an ENOX2 electron donor; and detecting the presence of the one or more activated ENOX2 transcript variants using a pan-ENOX2 detectable binding reagent, wherein the presence of one or more activated ENOX2 transcript variants in the sample is indicative of the malignant transformation of the cancer, whereby a 10 to 100 fold increase in detection sensitivity is obtained for the one or more activated ENOX2 transcript variants when compared to an equivalent non-activated ENOX2 transcript variant.

Abstract: Cancers of different cellular or tissue origins express different ENOX2 cancer isoforms or combinations of isoforms and shed these proteins into the circulation. Herein are disclosed methods both for cancer detection and diagnosis of particular origin, based on the patterns and molecular weights of the isoforms which allow the identification of the cell type and or tissue of origin of the neoplasm. Relative ENOX2 amounts are proportional to tumor burden and provide a reliable measure of response to therapy and disease progression. Also provided is the amino acid sequence to which the scFv antibodies bind as the molecular basis for the specificity of the test.

Abstract: Cancers of different cellular or tissue origins express different ENOX2 cancer isoforms or combinations of isoforms and shed these proteins into the circulation. Herein are disclosed methods both for cancer detection and diagnosis of particular origin, based on the patterns and molecular weights of the isoforms which allow the identification of the cell type and or tissue of origin of the neoplasm. Relative ENOX2 amounts are proportional to tumor burden and provide a reliable measure of response to therapy and disease progression. Also provided is the amino acid sequence to which the scFv antibodies bind as the molecular basis for the specificity of the test.

Abstract: Cancers of different cellular or tissue origins express different ENOX2 cancer isoforms or combinations of isoforms and shed these proteins into the circulation. Herein are disclosed methods both for cancer detection and diagnosis of particular origin, based on the patterns and molecular weights of the isoforms which allow the identification of the cell type and or tissue of origin of the neoplasm. Relative ENOX2 amounts are proportional to tumor burden and provide a reliable measure of response to therapy and disease progression. Also provided is the amino acid sequence to which the scFv antibodies bind as the molecular basis for the specificity of the test.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to agents that mimic calorie restriction (CR) to extend life span, especially agents that lower the level of cytosolic NADH and increase the level of cytosolic NAD+ (relative to NADH) required to mimic calorie restriction that results in life span extension, at least in part by inhibition by NADH of SIR2, which is a key regulator of life span in both yeast and animals. NADH is a competitive inhibitor of SIR2, an NAD-requiring NAD-dependent histone deacetylase required for chromatin silencing and life-span extension. An overall reduction in NADH activates SIR2 and extends life span. The use of fluorescence measurements of NADH levels in a 96-well plate assay utilizing Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a model to screen for agents and supplements that lower NADH levels is disclosed herein. A caloric restriction mimetic contains 1 part Mg2+ malate, 1 part turmeric and 98 parts dehydrated potato skins.

Abstract: Described are compositions of matter and methods useful for increasing the yield of transgenic agricultural crops. Sequence information of ENOX proteins and methods for transfection are disclosed. Additionally, small molecule activators of ENOX proteins are disclosed. Sequence information from ENOX proteins from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aribidopsis thaliana and Prunus persicaria are disclosed. Transgenic microorganisms and/or plants are disclosed which may express one or more of the follow characteristics including, but not limited to, accelerated maturity, increased cell size, increased standability, increased root and xylem development, and increased yield.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to agents that mimic calorie restriction (CR) to extend life span, especially agents that lower the level of cytosolic NADH and increase the level of cytosolic NAD+ (relative to NADH) required to mimic calorie restriction that results in life span extension, at least in part by inhibition by NADH of SIR2, which is a key regulator of life span in both yeast and animals. NADH is a competitive inhibitor of SIR2, an NAD-requiring NAD-dependent histone deacetylase required for chromatin silencing and life-span extension. An overall reduction in NADH activates SIR2 and extends life span. The use of fluorescence measurements of NADH levels in a 96-well plate assay utilizing Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a model to screen for agents and supplements that lower NADH levels is disclosed herein. A caloric restriction mimetic contains 1 part Mg2+ malate, 1 part turmeric and 98 parts dehydrated potato skins.

Abstract: All neoplastic cells express one or more members of a unique family of cell surface ubiquinone (NADH) oxidase proteins with protein disulfide-thiol interchange activity (ECTO-NOX proteins) that are characteristically inhibited by quinone site inhibitors with anti-cancer activity and a common amino acid sequence disclosed herein that allows for cancer-specific antibody recognition as well as for detection of certain critical reference proteins that provide loading controls. Cancers of different cellular or tissue origins express different ENOX2 cancer isoforms or combinations of isoforms and shed these proteins into the circulation. Herein are disclosed methods both for cancer detection and diagnosis of particular origin, based on the patterns and molecular weights of the isoforms which allow the identification of the cell type and or tissue of origin of the neoplasm. Relative ENOX2 amounts are proportional to tumor burden and provide a reliable measure of response to therapy and disease progression.

Abstract: Provided is an age-related apolipoprotein B oxidase (apoBNOX) found tightly associated with the low-density lipoprotein particles and believed to be responsible for oxidizing lipoprotein particles and initiating atherogenesis. It causes damage by directly oxidizing the apolipoprotein B protein and indirectly oxidizing the lipids in the particles due to superoxide formation by the apoBNOX and its conversion into hydrogen peroxide. apoBNOX activity is inhibited by tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol and components of white wine, important components of French and Mediterranean diets, which seem to be a very good source of inhibitors of the apolipoprotein B oxidase. Agents comprising at least one naturally-occurring apoBNOX inhibitor and compositions lessen, ameliorate or treat disorders and complications resulting from cell damage caused by oxidation of apolipoprotein B.

Abstract: Described are cell surface and circulating markers for aging related disorders (specific isoforms of NADH oxidase (arNOX)). Recombinant age-related NADH oxidase isoforms and their coding sequences and methods for detecting arNOX isoform presence and quantitation in tissues and in blood, sera, urine, saliva, perspiration and in other body fluids, are provided. Recombinant arNOX proteins are useful in preparing antigens for use in the generation of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies as well as immunogenic compositions for diagnosis and treatment of aging disorders. DNA probes based on the DNA sequence information provide may be used to identify individuals at risk for aging disorders and for development of therapeutic interventions or anti-aging cosmetic or other formulations of benefit in slowing the aging process in mammals.

Abstract: Described are compositions and agents for blocking serum and other aging factors, especially arNOX in serum, skin or other body fluid or tissue and/or on the cell surface, and methods for using the same. More particularly, the invention relates to agents comprising any one of several naturally-occurring arNOX inhibitors capable of reducing occurrence or severity of or treating disorders and complications of disorders resulting from cell damage caused by aging-related isoforms of NADH oxidase (arNOX). In one exemplary embodiment, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical or pharmaceutical compositions comprise at least one naturally occurring arNOX inhibitor or inhibitor source. Such naturally occurring inhibitors also are capable of augmenting the anti-arNOX effect of other naturally occurring arNOX inhibitory agents.

Abstract: ENOX2 proteins are growth-related cell surface proteins expressed specifically by cancer cells; they catalyze NADH oxidation and protein disulfide-thiol interchange reactions. Taught herein are IgM class autoantibodies specific to ENOX2 (tNOX) in a variety of cancer patient sera. Early cancer patients produce these autoantibodies as a possible defense mechanism. Because ENOX2 is bound to autoantibodies in patients, it is unavailable to bind conventional ENOX2-specific antibodies in standard ELISA assays, but two-dimensional gel electrophoresis dissociates ENOX2 protein from autoantibodies, allowing detection. Probing ENOX2 using cancer sera as a source of ENOX2 autoantibodies followed by horseradish peroxidase-coupled anti-human IgM allows visualization and detection of the ENOX2 autoantibody. ENOX2 autoantibodies from breast cancer sera reacts with the ENOX2 isoforms from, e.g., lung and ovarian cancer patient sera.