Abstract: Provided herein may be a memory device. The memory device may include a memory block configured to include a first selection line, word lines, a second selection line, a channel layer, first select transistors, second select transistors, and memory cells; a voltage generator configured to generate a turn-on voltage and a turn-off voltage to be applied to the first and second selection lines, and generate a program voltage and a pass voltage to be applied to word lines; a source line driver configured to generate a precharge voltage to be applied to the source line; a page buffer group configured to apply a program-enable voltage and a program-inhibit voltage to bit lines; and a control circuit configured to determine a reference position and control the voltage generator, the source line driver, and the page buffer group to adjust time required to precharge the channel layer.

Abstract: Provided herein is a semiconductor memory device. The semiconductor memory device may include a memory block including a plurality of pages, a peripheral circuit configured to perform a program operation on the memory block by respectively applying a program voltage, a pass voltage, and a calibration pass voltage to a plurality of word lines respectively connected to the plurality of pages, and a control logic configured to control the peripheral circuit to vary a potential of the calibration pass voltage to be applied to a lowermost word line connected to a page adjacent to a semiconductor substrate or a source select transistor among the plurality of pages based on a position of a page selected from among the plurality of pages during the program operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a DNA methylation marker for predicting the recurrence of liver cancer by using the difference in the DNA methylation levels according to a liver cancer prognosis, and when the marker is used, the recurrence of liver cancer can be easily predicted, and a more personalized treatment for patients at high risk of liver cancer recurrence can be provided and clinical information for avoiding unnecessary over-treatment can be provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining whether a biological sample of unknown origin is derived from liver tissue and a composition comprising a liver tissue-specific DNA methylation marker for performing the same, and the liver tissue-specific DNA methylation marker has a low methylation level in other tissue except for liver tissue and has a high methylation level in normal liver tissue and liver cancer tissue, and thus, it can determine whether a biological sample is derived from liver tissue with excellent accuracy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a DNA methylation marker for predicting the recurrence of liver cancer by using the difference in the DNA methylation levels according to a liver cancer prognosis, and when the marker is used, the recurrence of liver cancer can be easily predicted, and a more personalized treatment for patients at high risk of liver cancer recurrence can be provided and clinical information for avoiding unnecessary over-treatment can be provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for assessing the prognosis or risk stratification of liver cancer by using a clinical specimen mixed with a normal tissue, wherein at least one CpG site that shows a low methylation level in normal and blood tissues but a high methylation level in only a cancer tissue is measured for methylation level.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining whether a biological sample of unknown origin is derived from liver cancer tissue and a composition comprising a liver cancer tissue-specific DNA methylation marker for performing the same, and the liver cancer tissue-specific DNA methylation marker has a low methylation level in normal liver tissue and other tissue, and has a high methylation level only in liver cancer tissue, and thus, it can determine whether a biological sample is derived from liver cancer tissue with excellent accuracy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for assessing the prognosis or risk stratification of liver cancer by using a clinical specimen mixed with a normal tissue, wherein at least one CpG site that shows a low methylation level in normal and blood tissues but a high methylation level in only a cancer tissue is measured for methylation level.