Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing a substrate can reduce the concentration of process by-products in a chemical solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device including a display panel having a plurality of pixels, the display panel comprising a first display area having first resolution and a second display area having second resolution, the second resolution being lower than the first resolution, and a controller configured to generate display area information of each of the plurality of pixels, to blur an image that is displayed in the second display area based on the display area information, and to perform control such that the blurred image is displayed on the display panel.

Abstract: An optical measurement apparatus includes a light source unit generating and outputting light, a polarized light generating unit generating polarized light from the light, an optical system generating a pupil image of a measurement target, using the polarized light, a self-interference generating unit generating multiple beams that are split from the pupil image, and a detecting unit detecting a self-interference image generated by interference of the multiple beams with each other.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a converter including a switching unit, an energy storage unit for storing energy from a direct current (DC) input voltage and then generating an output voltage according to a switching operation of the switching unit, and a switching controller for controlling the switching unit to selectively execute a first operation mode for turning on the switching unit at a fixed frequency or a second operation mode for turning on the switching unit when a voltage between one end and the other end of the switching unit reaches a zero point of a resonance waveform, wherein the switching controller includes an operation mode selection unit for selectively executing the first operation mode or the second operation mode according to whether the voltage between one end and the other end of the switching unit resonates.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of manufacturing an RNA membrane and an RNA membrane manufactured thereby, wherein the RNA membrane can be produced at lower cost, in which the RNA membrane is composed exclusively of RNA, and thus has no toxicity in vivo, is controllable, and can be effectively applied to bio-organs such as the pericardium, as well as the production of peptides or proteins, and particularly, long linear RNA strands, which have not yet formed particles, are concentrated on the surface of a tube by inducing an evaporation process to thus activate the bonding of base pairs thereof, and the roughness and thickness of the RNA membrane can be controlled by changing the manufacturing conditions.

Abstract: A power converter may include an inductor, a switch turned on or turned off according to a control signal to control the flow of a current flowing through the inductor, and a control unit for outputting the control signal to turn on or turn off the switch by integrating a current flowing through the switch to compare the integrated current with the size of a preset reference voltage. The power converter and a driving method for the same may reduce errors of current control and have a simple structure.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of manufacturing an RNA membrane and an RNA membrane manufactured thereby, wherein the RNA membrane can be produced at lower cost, in which the RNA membrane is composed exclusively of RNA, and thus has no toxicity in vivo, is controllable, and can be effectively applied to bio-organs such as the pericardium, as well as the production of peptides or proteins, and particularly, long linear RNA strands, which have not yet formed particles, are concentrated on the surface of a tube by inducing an evaporation process to thus activate the bonding of base pairs thereof, and the roughness and thickness of the RNA membrane can be controlled by changing the manufacturing conditions.

Abstract: There is provided a multi-output power supply capable of maintaining power balancing between multiple output powers by fixing a switching duty until a voltage level reaches a predetermined voltage level during an initial stage of a soft-start operation, the multi-output power supply including a power supply unit switching an input power and outputting a plurality of powers having levels determined according to the switching, and a controller controlling a soft switching operation of the power supply unit during an initial operation and fixing a switching duty of the power supply unit to a preset switching duty according to a result of a comparison between a preset reference voltage level and an operating voltage determining whether the soft switching operation is performed or not during the soft switching operation.

Abstract: There is provided a multi-output power supply apparatus capable of maintaining multiple output voltages in a balanced state by limiting a variable range of a switching duty according to a load state. The multi-output power supply apparatus includes: a power supply unit switching input power to output a plurality of voltages whose power levels are determined according to the switching operation; and a controller detecting power states of at least some of the plurality of voltages from the power supply unit, and limiting a range of a switching duty of the power supply unit to a pre-set range when the detected power states correspond to a pre-set limited power state.

Abstract: There is provided a power supply apparatus capable of precisely control a primary side switching frequency at a secondary side by receiving fed-back information regarding a power state at the secondary side without a separate expensive circuit or a complicated circuit. The power supply apparatus includes: a power supplying unit having a primary side and a secondary side having different ground electrical characteristics, switching power input to the primary side, and transferring the switched power to the second side electrically insulated from the primary side to supply the power; a controlling unit provided on the secondary side and receiving fed-back information regarding a power state of the power supplying unit to control a maximum value and a minimum value of a switching frequency of the primary side; and a transferring unit transferring a control signal from the controlling unit to the primary side of the power supplying unit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a converter including a switching unit, an energy storage unit for storing energy from a direct current (DC) input voltage and then generating an output voltage according to a switching operation of the switching unit, and a switching controller for controlling the switching unit to selectively execute a first operation mode for turning on the switching unit at a fixed frequency or a second operation mode for turning on the switching unit when a voltage between one end and the other end of the switching unit reaches a zero point of a resonance waveform, wherein the switching controller includes an operation mode selection unit for selectively executing the first operation mode or the second operation mode according to whether the voltage between one end and the other end of the switching unit resonates.

Abstract: The converter includes: a switching unit; an energy storing unit storing energy from direct current input power and then generating an output voltage according to a switching operation of the switching unit; and a switching controlling unit turning on the switching unit when a voltage between one end of the switching unit and the other end thereof reaches a zero point of a resonance waveform, wherein the switching controlling unit includes: a voltage detecting unit detecting the voltage one end of the switching unit and the other end thereof in case of a resonance waveform; a first comparator comparing the voltage detected by the voltage detecting unit with a predetermined first reference voltage corresponding to the zero point of the resonance waveform and outputting a first signal according to a comparison result; and a switching driving unit turning on the switching unit in response to the first signal.

Abstract: There is provided a light emitting diode power supply apparatus capable of limiting a rise in a voltage level of a power supplied to a light emitting diode even in the case in which driving of the light emitting diode is stopped for a long period of time. The light emitting diode power supply apparatus includes: a power supply unit supplying a driving power set under a control to a light emitting diode; and a controlling unit selecting one of a detection voltage obtained by detecting a current flowing to the light emitting diode and a voltage provided according to an operation state of the light emitting diode to control a power supply operation of the power supply unit.

Abstract: An off signal generator may be capable of supplying a uniform current. The off signal generator may comprise an off signal generation unit outputting an off signal in response to a first signal and blocking the off signal from being output in response to a second signal, and a signal control unit generating the second signal at a preset time interval and transferring the generated second signal to the off signal generation unit.

Abstract: A power converter may include an inductor, a switch turned on or turned off according to a control signal to control the flow of a current flowing through the inductor, and a control unit for outputting the control signal to turn on or turn off the switch by integrating a current flowing through the switch to compare the integrated current with the size of a preset reference voltage. The power converter and a driving method for the same may reduce errors of current control and have a simple structure.

Abstract: A power converter and a driving method for the same may prevent a current from flowing excessively during initial driving. The power converter may include an inductor, a switch turned on or turned off according to a control signal to control a current flowing through the inductor, and a control unit detecting the magnitude of the current flowing through the switch, outputting the control signal for controlling the turn-on/turn-off operation of the switch, setting a reference current and turning off the switch during a preset first time when the current flowing through the switch reaches the reference current during initial driving.

Abstract: There is provided a light emitting diode driver capable of improving power efficiency by using a resistor having a low power consumption rating while controlling an LED channel so that it has constant brightness stably. The light emitting diode driver includes: a power supplying unit converting an input voltage into a predetermined driving voltage so as to supply the driving voltage to an LED channel; and a driving unit amplifying a detection voltage detected based on a current from the LED channel by a predetermined gain and controlling the current flowing through the LED channel so that the amplified detection voltage has a level equal to that of a predetermined reference voltage.

Abstract: There are provided a power supply device switching power input to a primary side to supply the power to a predetermined load connected to a secondary side electrically insulated from the primary side and a control circuit thereof. The control circuit generates a predetermined PWM signal to apply the PWM signal to a dimming switch connected to an end of the load and controls a switching frequency of the primary side, based on a control voltage generated according to a feedback signal according to the power supplied to the load and the PWM signal, and the control voltage maintains a constant difference between a minimum voltage level and a maximum voltage level regardless of a duty of the PWM signal.

Abstract: There is provided a light emitting diode driving apparatus capable of uniformly maintaining current balance between light emitting diode channels. The light emitting diode driving apparatus includes: a DC to DC converting unit converting the direct current power into settable driving power; a detecting unit detecting voltage drops generated in each of a plurality of light emitting diode channels each having a plurality of light emitting diodes; a converting unit converting an analog value into a digital value; and a driving unit differentially setting duty cycles of switching signals according to the digital values from the converting unit to drive the plurality of light emitting diode channels.

Abstract: There is provided a light emitting diode driver capable of improving power efficiency by using a resistor having a low power consumption rating while controlling an LED channel so that it has constant brightness stably. The light emitting diode driver includes: a power supplying unit converting an input voltage into a predetermined driving voltage so as to supply the driving voltage to an LED channel; and a driving unit amplifying a detection voltage detected based on a current from the LED channel by a predetermined gain and controlling the current flowing through the LED channel so that the amplified detection voltage has a level equal to that of a predetermined reference voltage.