Abstract: Disclosed are a pharmaceutical composition and a beauty-purposed pharmaceutical composition for prevention or treatment of neuromuscular disease, the composition including a combination of Erigeron annuus flower-based essential oil and Botox. Erigeron annuus flower-based essential oil inhibits t-SNARE protein and v-SNARE protein expression in neurons to inhibit the formation of SNARE protein complexes. Erigeron annuus flower-based essential oil inhibits the regeneration of t-SNARE protein and v-SNARE protein degraded by Botox to inhibit neurotransmitter release. Accordingly, an efficacy duration of Botox may be extended. Thus, Erigeron annuus flower-based essential oil may be usefully used in combination with Botox as Botox adjuvant for the prevention and treatment of neuromuscular disease or for beauty.

Abstract: Provided are a toner and a method of preparing the same. The toner includes a binder resin, a coloring agent, and at least one additive, and a storage modulus curve of the toner with respect to temperature has multiple inflection points. The toner may be used in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.

Abstract: Provided are a method of forming a toner image and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus including a toner. The method of forming a toner image is performed using a first toner having a yellow color and color coordinate values of a lightness (L) ranging from 91 to 94, a redness (a) ranging from ?11 to ?9, and a yellowness (b) ranging from 77 to 82; a second toner having a magenta color and color coordinate values of a lightness (L) ranging from 56 to 61, a redness (a) ranging from 56 to 61, and a yellowness (b) ranging from ?7 to ?5; and a third toner having a cyan color and color coordinate values of a lightness (L) ranging from 58 to 62, a redness (a) ranging from ?33 to ?30, and a yellowness (b) ranging from ?42 to ?37.

Abstract: A toner has a core-shell structure including a toner core portion having a resin with an active hydrogenactive hydrogen containing group, a colorant and at least one additive, and a toner shell portion surrounding the toner core portion, wherein the toner shell portion includes a cross-linked resin prepared by reaction of at least a portion of the active hydrogen containing group and the cross-linking agent.

Abstract: Provided are a toner using a resin having an active hydrogen-containing group, and a method of preparing the toner. The toner using a resin having an active hydrogen-containing group includes a binder resin (A), a cross-linked resin including a THF insoluble content of 99-100 weight %, a colorant, and at least one additive. The cross-linked resin is arranged in the form of a plurality of islands in each particle of the toner.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing a toner, the method including: preparing a solvent emulsion by stirring a medium including a polar medium, an organic solvent, and a surfactant; adding toner components including a resin and a pigment to the solvent emulsion; removing the organic solvent from the solvent emulsion including the toner components; and collecting a toner particle from the solvent emulsion from which the organic solvent is removed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing toner. According to the method, a concentration of a dispersion stabilizer, a concentration of an aggregating agent, and a concentration of a hydrogen ion in a reaction solution of an aggregation process are controlled to produce toner particles having a narrow particle size distribution and excellent fixability, and providing a high quality image.

Abstract: A method of preparing toner. Due to the use of an inorganic salt of a monovalent metal as a coagulant when toner particles are aggregated, formed toner particles have a narrow particle size distribution, low-temperature fixability, and high image quality.

Abstract: A method of preparing a toner using a micro-suspension particle, includes preparing a mixture by mixing a resin having acidic groups, a master batch of coloring pigment, and at least one additive with an organic solvent, and then neutralizing the acid groups of the resin with a base; forming a micro-suspension by adding the prepared mixture to a dispersion medium; and forming a toner composition by removing the organic solvent from the prepared micro-suspension. Therefore, the method of preparing a toner using the disclosed micro-suspension particle and a toner prepared using the same can save manufacturing costs, and can improve charging ability and cleaning properties of the toner.

Abstract: Provided are a method of forming a toner image and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus including a toner. The method of forming a toner image is performed using a first toner having a yellow color and color coordinate values of a lightness (L) ranging from 91 to 94, a redness (a) ranging from ?11 to ?9, and a yellowness (b) ranging from 77 to 82; a second toner having a magenta color and color coordinate values of a lightness (L) ranging from 56 to 61, a redness (a) ranging from 56 to 61, and a yellowness (b) ranging from ?7 to ?5; and a third toner having a cyan color and color coordinate values of a lightness (L) ranging from 58 to 62, a redness (a) ranging from ?33 to ?30, and a yellowness (b) ranging from ?42 to ?37.

Abstract: Provided are a toner and a method of preparing the same. The toner includes a binder resin, a coloring agent, and at least one additive, and a storage modulus curve of the toner with respect to temperature has multiple inflection points. The toner may be used in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.

Abstract: Provided are a toner containing a resin having wax properties and a method of preparing the toner. The toner includes a binder resin into which at least one residue of the group consisting of a C8-C60 higher fatty acid residue and a C8-C60 higher alcohol residue is introduced by esterification, a colorant, and at least one additive.

Abstract: A wax-resin compatibilizer, a wax-resin dispersion, and methods of preparing the wax-resin dispersion. The wax-resin dispersion includes a wax, the wax-resin compatibilizer, and a second resin. The wax-resin dispersion may have a high wax content and excellent storage stability.

Abstract: A toner has a core-shell structure including a toner core portion having a resin with an active hydrogenactive hydrogen containing group, a colorant and at least one additive, and a toner shell portion surrounding the toner core portion, wherein the toner shell portion includes a cross-linked resin prepared by reaction of at least a portion of the active hydrogen containing group and the cross-linking agent.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing a toner, the method including: preparing a solvent emulsion by stirring a medium including a polar medium, an organic solvent, and a surfactant; adding toner components including a resin and a pigment to the solvent emulsion; removing the organic solvent from the solvent emulsion including the toner components; and collecting a toner particle from the solvent emulsion from which the organic solvent is removed.

Abstract: A method of preparing a toner using a micro-suspension particle, includes preparing a mixture by mixing a resin having acidic groups, a master batch of coloring pigment, and at least one additive with an organic solvent, and then neutralizing the acid groups of the resin with a base; forming a micro-suspension by adding the prepared mixture to a dispersion medium; and forming a toner composition by removing the organic solvent from the prepared micro-suspension. Therefore, the method of preparing a toner using the disclosed micro-suspension particle and a toner prepared using the same can save manufacturing costs, and can improve charging ability and cleaning properties of the toner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing (R)-4-cyano-3-hydroxybutyric acid ester derivatives and more particularly, to a process for preparing optically pure (R)-4-cyano-3-hydroxybutyric acid ester derivatives expressed by formula (1) in high yield by performing cyanation and sequential esterification of (S)-3,4-epoxybutyric acid salt as a starting material. In said formula, R represents linear or branched alkyl group with 1˜5 carbon atoms or benzyl group.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of chiral (S)-2,3-disubstituted-1-propylamine derivatives, in which a carbonyl group of (S) 3,4-disubstituted-1-butanecarbonyl derivatives is converted to an amine group, and the conversion reaction is performed through Curtius rearrangement or Hoffman rearrangement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for preparing optically pure (S)-3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid derivatives expressed by the following Formula 1 and more particularly, to the continuous process which enables preparing optically pure (S)-3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid derivatives economically in large quantities, by: (a) Preparing &agr;-(1,4) linked oligosaccharide having adequate sugar distribution by reacting amylopectin which is easily available from natural product with enzyme under a specific condition; and (b) Performing oxidatioin by running basic anion exchange resin with an oxidant to give (S)-3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid-anion exchange resin complex, dissociating the (S)-3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid from anion exchange resin complex and esterification sequentially under a specific condition.  wherein Represents linear or branched alkyl group with 1˜5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing optically pure (S)-3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid derivatives expressed by the following Formula 1 and more particularly, to a process that enables preparing optically pure (S)-3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid derivatives economically in large quantities, by: (a) Preparing &agr;-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharide with adequate sugar distribution by reacting amylopectin which is easily available from natural product with enzyme under a specific condition; and (b) Performing oxidation and esterification sequentially under a specific condition. wherein, R represents linear or branched alkyl group with 1˜5 carbon atoms.