Abstract: A method of transmitting a Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) frame in a Very High Throughput (VHT) Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system includes generating a MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) to be transmitted to a destination station (STA), generating a PLCP Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) by adding a PLCP header, including an L-SIG field containing control information for a legacy STA and a VHT-SIG field containing control information for a VHT STA, to the MPDU, and transmitting the PPDU to the destination STA. A constellation applied to some of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) symbols of the VHT-SIG field is obtained by rotating a constellation applied to an OFDM symbol of the L-SIGfield.

Abstract: An encoding/decoding apparatus and method for controlling a channel signal is disclosed, wherein the encoding apparatus may include an encoder to encode an object signal, a channel signal, and rendering information for the channel signal, and a bit stream generator to generate, as a bit stream, the encoded object signal, the encoded channel signal, and the encoded rendering information for the channel signal.

Abstract: A planar transformer and a converter including the same include a first core unit including a first receiving portion extending in a first direction; a second core unit spaced from the first core unit, disposed in parallel with the first core unit in a second direction thereof, and including a second receiving portion extending in the first direction; a first coil unit including a first through hole formed in a center portion thereof and a first coil pattern passing through the first receiving portion and the second receiving portion around the first through hole to form a turn; and a second coil unit including a second through hole formed in a center portion thereof and aligned with the first through hole in a third direction thereof, and a second coil pattern passing through the first receiving portion and the second receiving portion around the second through hole.

Abstract: Proposed are a substrate processing apparatus and a substrate processing method capable of efficiently preventing contamination of a substrate and a processing space caused by a reverse flow of purge gas.

Abstract: Fuel injection control methods and systems and related apparatus for Liquefied Petroleum gas Injection (LPI) engine are provided. Preferred methods and systems determine the increased amount of engine revolution per unit time and fuel temperature during an initial engine start period; determine fuel pressure on the basis of such values; determines propane content of the engine fuel by consideration of the fuel pressure and fuel temperature of the P-T diagram of the fuel; and controls the fuel injection time and injection period by using a map prepared according to propane content. Preferred systems and methods of the invention need not include use of fuel pressure and temperature sensors that provide injection control conditions to an Engine Control Unit, thereby providing a simplified and more efficient apparatus.

Abstract: Fuel injection control methods and systems and related apparatus for Liquefied Petroleum gas Injection (LPI) engine are provided. Preferred methods and systems determine the increased amount of engine revolution per unit time and fuel temperature during an initial engine start period; determine fuel pressure on the basis of such values; determines propane content of the engine fuel by consideration of the fuel pressure and fuel temperature of the P-T diagram of the fuel; and controls the fuel injection time and injection period by using a map prepared according to propane content. Preferred systems and methods of the invention need not include use of fuel pressure and temperature sensors that provide injection control conditions to an Engine Control Unit, thereby providing a simplified and more efficient apparatus.