Abstract: Disclosed is a membrane electrode assembly that includes a polymer electrolyte membrane, a first electrochemical reaction layer formed on one side of the polymer electrolyte membrane to allow an oxidation reaction to occur thereon, a first electron-conductive layer formed between the polymer electrolyte membrane and the first electrochemical reaction layer, a second electrochemical reaction layer formed on a remaining side of the polymer electrolyte membrane to allow a reduction reaction to occur thereon, and a second electron-conductive layer formed between the polymer electrolyte membrane and the second electrochemical reaction layer. The first electron-conductive layer and the second electron-conductive layer include a porous metal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a 3-dimensional porous mono-polar electrode body that includes a 3-dimensional porous parent substance, which has a 3-dimensional structure including a side and a remaining side that communicate with each other via a plurality of pores arranged in multiple layers and which is made of a metal material to have dimensional stability, and an electrode catalyst layer applied on the 3-dimensional porous parent substance. The 3-dimensional porous mono-polar electrode body is used to remove microorganisms contained in treatment water to thus minimize the consumption of power, which is required to remove the microorganisms, prevent secondary pollution, and ensure the durability of an electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reinforced composite membrane for water electrolysis, and a membrane electrode assembly having the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a reinforced composite membrane for water electrolysis, and a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), wherein a two-dimensionally woven fabric base, layer that, minimizes swelling of the membrane in the X-axis and Y-axis directions is covered on a hydrogen electrode to which high pressure is applied or on hydrogen and oxygen electrodes by three-dimensionally electrospun reinforcing fiber layers, the reinforcing fiber layers minimizing swelling of the membrane in the Z-axis direction, thereby reducing permeation of oxygen (O2) via the hydrogen electrode and enabling operation under high pressure due to high dimensional stability.

Abstract: Disclosed is a 3-dimensional porous mono-polar electrode body that includes a 3-dimensional porous parent substance, which has a 3-dimensional structure including a side and a remaining side that communicate with each other via a plurality of pores arranged in multiple layers and which is made of a metal material to have dimensional stability, and an electrode catalyst layer applied on the 3-dimensional porous parent substance. The 3-dimensional porous mono-polar electrode body is used to remove microorganisms contained in treatment water to thus minimize the consumption of power, which is required to remove the microorganisms, prevent secondary pollution, and ensure the durability of an electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for qualitative and quantitative in-vitro or in-vivo analysis of a sample by means of ATC (Attenuated Total Reflectance) while utilizing at least one radiation source, an ATR element as well as a detector unit. The present invention is distinguished by the combination of the following features: the radiation source generating a primary beam aimed at the ATR element, the primary beam impinging on the ATR element at an angle of .alpha., which is larger than the critical angle of the total reflectance .alpha..sub.T at the interface between an optically dense medium and a less dense one; the to-be-analyzed sample whose layer near the surface interacts with the primary radiation can be disposed on at least one side of the ATR element, a detector unit corresponding to the incidence angle of said primary radiation in the ATR element detects the radiation emitted from the ATR element.

Abstract: A device for the qualitative and/or quantitative determination of the composition of a sample to be analyzed. The device includes at least one hollow body which is coated on the inside with an optically reflecting material or is composed completely of an optically reflecting material, and which is provided with at least one aperture. At least one radiation detector is provided proximate to the hollow body in the interior of the hollow body or in the vicinity of the hollow body. At least one ATR (Attenuated Total Reflection) element covers the at least one aperture of the hollow body, and the sample which is to be analyzed is disposed at the side of the ATR element turned away from the hollow body. At least one primary radiation source provides radiation which is received by the ATR element without directly entering the hollow body.