Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first gate structure on a first region of a substrate and a second gate structure on a second region of the substrate, a first impurity region on an upper portion of the substrate adjacent to the first gate structure and a second impurity region on an upper portion of the substrate adjacent to the second gate structure, a first metal silicide layer on the first impurity region, a Fermi level pinning layer on the second impurity region, a second metal silicide layer on the Fermi level pinning layer, and a first contact plug on the first metal silicide layer and a second contact plug on the second metal silicide layer. The Fermi level pinning layer pins a Fermi level of the second metal silicide layer to a given energy level.

Abstract: In a method of forming a pattern, a plurality of first line patterns and first spacers filling spaces between the adjacent first line patterns are formed on an object layer. The first line patterns and the first spacers extend in a first direction. A plurality of second line patterns are formed on the first line patterns and the first spacers. The second line patterns extend in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The first spacers are partially removed by a wet etching process. The object layer is etched using the first and second line patterns as an etching mask.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of cleaning a semiconductor device by removing contaminants, such as particles and/or etching by-products, from a structure of a semiconductor device using a first cleaning solution including a mixture of ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and deionized (DI) water, and a second cleaning solution including ozone (O3) water. The present invention also provides methods of manufacturing a semiconductor device using these methods of cleaning the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A method according to some embodiments of the invention includes defining an active region by forming a trench device isolation region on an integrated substrate, forming a mask pattern that exposes a channel sub-region of the active region and the trench device isolation region adjacent to the channel sub-region, etching the trench device isolation region, which is exposed by the mask pattern, to be recessed to a first depth using the mask pattern as an etch mask, etching the channel sub-region to form a gate trench having a second depth that is deeper than the first depth using the mask pattern as an etch mask, and forming a recess gate that fills the gate trench.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present invention relate to methods of treating and removing a photoresist pattern and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device using the same. Other example embodiments of the present invention relate to a method of treating a photoresist pattern and a method of removing a photoresist pattern formed using a photoresist composition suitable for argon fluoride (ArF). In a method of removing a photoresist pattern, an ozone vapor including a water vapor and an ozone gas may be provided onto the photoresist pattern to remove a hydrophobic group from a photoresist resin included in the photoresist pattern. A cleaning solution may be provided to make the photoresist pattern water-soluble. A cleaning process may be performed on the photoresist pattern to remove the photoresist pattern. The photoresist pattern may be effectively removed without an increased processing time and/or damage to a substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of cleaning a semiconductor device by removing contaminants, such as particles and/or etching by-products, from a structure of a semiconductor device using a first cleaning solution including a mixture of ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and deionized (DI) water, and a second cleaning solution including ozone (O3) water. The present invention also provides methods of manufacturing a semiconductor device using these methods of cleaning the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A method according to some embodiments of the invention includes defining an active region by forming a trench device isolation region on an integrated substrate, forming a mask pattern that exposes a channel sub-region of the active region and the trench device isolation region adjacent to the channel sub-region, etching the trench device isolation region, which is exposed by the mask pattern, to be recessed to a first depth using the mask pattern as an etch mask, etching the channel sub-region to form a gate trench having a second depth that is deeper than the first depth using the mask pattern as an etch mask, and forming a recess gate that fills the gate trench.

Abstract: A method according to some embodiments of the invention includes defining an active region by forming a trench device isolation region on an integrated substrate, forming a mask pattern that exposes a channel sub-region of the active region and the trench device isolation region adjacent to the channel sub-region, etching the trench device isolation region, which is exposed by the mask pattern, to be recessed to a first depth using the mask pattern as an etch mask, etching the channel sub-region to form a gate trench having a second depth that is deeper than the first depth using the mask pattern as an etch mask, and forming a recess gate that fills the gate trench.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present invention relate to methods of treating and removing a photoresist pattern and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device using the same. Other example embodiments of the present invention relate to a method of treating a photoresist pattern and a method of removing a photoresist pattern formed using a photoresist composition suitable for argon fluoride (ArF). In a method of removing a photoresist pattern, an ozone vapor including a water vapor and an ozone gas may be provided onto the photoresist pattern to remove a hydrophobic group from a photoresist resin included in the photoresist pattern. A cleaning solution may be provided to make the photoresist pattern water-soluble. A cleaning process may be performed on the photoresist pattern to remove the photoresist pattern. The photoresist pattern may be effectively removed without an increased processing time and/or damage to a substrate.

Abstract: In a method of removing a photoresist pattern from a substrate without deteriorating a lower electrode or increasing processing time, ozone gas may be provided onto a substrate on which a photoresist pattern may be formed. An oxidation-decomposition process may be carried out using the ozone gas, to thereby decompose the photoresist pattern on the substrate. The decomposed photoresist pattern may be dissolved into water and removed from the substrate in a rinsing process. Accordingly, a photoresist pattern in an opening having a relatively high aspect ratio may be sufficiently removed from a substrate without deteriorating the lower electrode or increasing processing time.

Abstract: A method according to some embodiments of the invention includes defining an active region by forming a trench device isolation region on an integrated substrate, forming a mask pattern that exposes a channel sub-region of the active region and the trench device isolation region adjacent to the channel sub-region, etching the trench device isolation region, which is exposed by the mask pattern, to be recessed to a first depth using the mask pattern as an etch mask, etching the channel sub-region to form a gate trench having a second depth that is deeper than the first depth using the mask pattern as an etch mask, and forming a recess gate that fills the gate trench.

Abstract: After a silicidation blocking pattern is formed on a substrate including silicon, the silicidation blocking pattern is hardened by a thermal annealing process. The substrate is rinsed to remove a native oxide film formed on the substrate, and then a silicide film is formed on a portion of the substrate exposed by the silicidation blocking pattern. The silicide film can thus be formed in an exact portion of the substrate, and the substrate is not damaged during rinsing.

Abstract: After a silicidation blocking pattern is formed on a substrate including silicon, the silicidation blocking pattern is hardened by a thermal annealing process. The substrate is rinsed to remove a native oxide film formed on the substrate, and then a silicide film is formed on a portion of the substrate exposed by the silicidation blocking pattern. The silicide film can thus be formed in an exact portion of the substrate, and the substrate is not damaged during rinsing.