Abstract: Disclosed herein is attack-less adversarial training for robust adversarial defense. The attack-less adversarial training for robust adversarial defense includes the steps of: (a) generating individual intervals (ci) by setting the range of color (C) and then discretizing the range of color (C) by a predetermined number (k); (b) generating one batch from an original image (X) and training a learning model with the batch; (c) predicting individual interval indices (?ialat) from respective pixels (xi) of the original image (X) by using an activation function; (d) generating a new image (Xalat) through mapping and randomization; and (e) training a convolutional neural network with the image (Xalat) generated in step (d) and outputting a predicted label (?).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is attack-less adversarial training for robust adversarial defense. The attack-less adversarial training for robust adversarial defense includes the steps of: (a) generating individual intervals (ci) by setting the range of color (C) and then discretizing the range of color (C) by a predetermined number (k); (b) generating one batch from an original image (X) and training a learning model with the batch; (c) predicting individual interval indices (?ialat) from respective pixels (xi) of the original image (X) by using an activation function; (d) generating a new image (Xalat) through mapping and randomization; and (e) training a convolutional neural network with the image (Xalat) generated in step (d) and outputting a predicted label (?).

Abstract: A scratch-resistant coating comprising a polymer including a functionalized polysilsesquioxane. The scratch-resistant coating is exposed to oxidizing conditions (e.g., ozone or ultraviolet light) that modify the surface chemistry of the coating to enhance adhesion to inorganic thin film coatings, such as antireflective coatings.

Abstract: A scratch-resistant coating comprising a polymer including a functionalized polysilsesquioxane. The scratch-resistant coating is exposed to oxidizing conditions (e.g., ozone or ultraviolet light) that modify the surface chemistry of the coating to enhance adhesion to inorganic thin film coatings, such as antireflective coatings.

Abstract: Unsaturated polyester resin-based compositions that are modified for unexpected improvement in uniform, low optical distortion and/or improved tint speed by the addition of one or more additives selected from an allylic ester and/or an acrylic monomer, together with an exotherm depressant, making the modified polyester resin-based composition commercially viable for casting ophthalmic lenses. The additive(s) and exotherm depressant are useful to modify the polyester for sufficient enhancement of optical distortion and/or tint speed such that any unsaturated polyester resin, capable of producing a clear, low color casting, will be improved sufficiently to provide a composition having the required properties for an ophthalmic lens.

Abstract: Unsaturated polyester resin-based compositions that are modified for unexpected improvement in uniform, low optical distortion and/or improved tint speed by the addition of one or more additives selected from an allylic ester and/or an acrylic monomer, together with an exotherm depressant, making the modified polyester resin-based composition commercially viable for casting ophthalmic lenses. The additive(s) and exotherm depressant are useful to modify the polyester for sufficient enhancement of optical distortion and/or tint speed such that any unsaturated polyester resin, capable of producing a clear, low color casting, will be improved sufficiently to provide a composition having the required properties for an ophthalmic lens.

Abstract: Unsaturated polyester resin-based compositions that are modified for unexpected improvement in uniform, low optical distortion and/or improved tint speed by the addition of one or more additives selected from an allylic ester and/or an acrylic monomer, together with an exotherm depressant, making the modified polyester resin-based composition commercially viable for casting ophthalmic lenses. The additive(s) and exotherm depressant are useful to modify the polyester for sufficient enhancement of optical distortion and/or tint speed such that any unsaturated polyester resin, capable of producing a clear, low color casting, will be improved sufficiently to provide a composition having the required properties for an ophthalmic lens.