Abstract: An image signal processor includes a memory configured to store a table, the table including a plurality of point spread functions (PSFs), a PSF selection circuit configured to output at least one of the plurality of PSFs stored in the table based on selection information, a disparity extractor configured to extract a disparity value from image data corresponding to pixel signals output from at least one pixel of a plurality of pixels included in an image sensor, and a processing circuit configured to generate pixel location information for the at least one pixel. Each of the pixels of the plurality of pixels includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements. The selection information includes the disparity value and the pixel location information.

Abstract: An image sensor according to an example embodiment concepts includes a pixel array including pixels, and each of the pixels includes photoelectric conversion elements. The photoelectric conversion elements independently operating to detect a phase difference. The image sensor further includes a control circuit configured to independently control exposure times of each of the photoelectric conversion elements included in each of the pixels.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a pixel array, a micro lens array and polarizing filters. The pixel array includes a plurality of pixels. The micro lens array is disposed on the pixel array and includes a plurality of micro lenses. The micro lens overlaps a pixel group of the pixel array. The polarizing filter is disposed on the micro lens and includes a plurality of polarizing filters having at least two different polarizing phases. Accordingly, the accuracy and the reliability of the local auto white balancing may be improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of measuring the rotating speed of a sphere for controlling the posture of a satellite. The method includes: an accelerometer installing operation in which a pair of accelerometers is installed at each accelerometer coordinate axis, the accelerometers being located in the sphere; an accelerometer coordinate axis alignment operation in which the accelerometer coordinate axes are aligned to allow the accelerometer coordinate axes to be in line with system coordinate axes, respectively; an acceleration measuring operation in which a current is applied to an electromagnet to rotate the sphere and sequentially measure the acceleration; an acceleration calculating operation in which only the acceleration generated by the rotation of the sphere is calculated; and a rotating speed calculating operation in which the rotating speed of the sphere with respect to each coordinate axis is calculated using the acceleration.

Abstract: Provided is a three-dimensional rigid ball driving system including: a support frame having a polyhedral shape; a rigid ball positioned at the center of an inner portion of the support frame; a plurality of ball bearings installed at corners of inner sides of the support frame, respectively, and contacting a surface of the rigid ball; and a plurality of electromagnets disposed around the ball bearings and generating magnetic fields to rotate the rigid ball; and a controller controlling the electromagnets to control a rotation direction and a rotation speed of the rigid ball.

Abstract: A plenoptic camera device and a shading correction method thereof are provided. The plenoptic camera device includes a processor including a shading correction block configured to determine a four-dimensional axis with respect in a raw image, generate a four-dimensional profile by applying a polynomial fit with respect to the plurality of pixels in the raw image based on the four-dimensional axis, and calculate a gain using the four-dimensional profile and a non-volatile memory device configured to store the gain. Accordingly, the plenoptic camera device can remove a vignetting effect using the gain.

Abstract: A pedicle screw is provided to be inserted into and fixed to a pedicle of a spinal disease patient, and more particularly, a pedicle screw in which a screw thread of a clamp screw is formed to have dents and protrusions with trapezoid cross-sections so as to form a predetermined gap with a screw thread of a fixing unit having dents and protrusions with rectangular cross-sections when the clamp screw is combined with the fixing unit, and the screw thread of the clamp screw has different pitches to disperse an external impact so as to further firmly combine the clamp screw with the fixing unit.

Abstract: A pedicle screw is provided to be inserted into and fixed to a pedicle of a spinal disease patient, and more particularly, a pedicle screw in which a screw thread of a clamp screw is formed to have dents and protrusions with trapezoid cross-sections so as to form a predetermined gap with a screw thread of a fixing unit having dents and protrusions with rectangular cross-sections when the clamp screw is combined with the fixing unit, and the screw thread of the clamp screw has different pitches to disperse an external impact so as to further firmly combine the clamp screw with the fixing unit.