Abstract: Proposed is an articulation apparatus for a robotic surgical tool, which is capable of inner rotation and outer bending independent of each other. To this end, the articulation apparatus includes an inner rotation part which is rotated by first driving power, and an outer bending part which is bent by second driving power different from the first driving power.

Abstract: A vehicle having a road surface recognition apparatus, may perform obtaining, by a controller, sound data for a sound detected by a sound detector while driving; obtaining, by the controller, driving data for driving information detected by a driving information detector; recognizing, by the controller, a type of road surface based on the obtained sound data and the obtained driving data; and controlling, by the controller, a traction control system based on information related to the recognized type of the road surface.

Abstract: A non-contact interface device for a vehicle and a method for controlling the same, may display an operation system menu for a driver and passengers to operate various kinds of devices of the vehicle as a hologram, enable a user to operate the displayed operation system menu in a non-contact manner by use of the user's finger or the like, and provide the user with a tactile feedback for a non-contact operation, so that the user can recognize whether to have operated the menu.

Abstract: The present technology provides a controller for controlling a memory device comprising: a hard syndrome calculator configured to generate a hard syndrome of a hard data chunk received from the memory device; a delta syndrome calculator configured to generate a delta syndrome of a delta bit data received from the memory device, the delta bit data indicating a reliability of the hard data chunk; a soft syndrome generator configured to generate a soft syndrome of the hard syndrome and the delta syndrome; a data determinator configured to select, as hard decision data, one of the hard data chunk and a soft data chunk, the selected data chunk corresponding to a syndrome having a lowest syndrome weight; and an error corrector configured to perform an ECC decoding operation on the hard decision data.

Abstract: A decoding device may determine a candidate data unit among a plurality of data units included in one data chunk, in parallel with an operation of decoding a target data unit among the plurality of data units. The decoding device may determine whether to decode the candidate data unit, and may decode the candidate data unit according to whether to decode the candidate data unit, after executing decoding on the target data unit.

Abstract: A decoding device may determine a candidate data unit among a plurality of data units included in one data chunk, in parallel with an operation of decoding a target data unit among the plurality of data units. The decoding device may determine whether to decode the candidate data unit, and may decode the candidate data unit according to whether to decode the candidate data unit, after executing decoding on the target data unit.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device includes alternately stacking sacrificial layers and interlayer insulating layers over a lower structure, forming a slit passing through the sacrificial layers and the interlayer insulating layers, removing the sacrificial layers through the slit through a wet etching process, and removing, through a dry etching process, a byproduct that is produced at ends of the interlayer insulating layers during the wet etching process.

Abstract: A controller and an operating method of the controller may calculate a first syndrome weight which is syndrome weight for first read data, calculate a second syndrome weight which is syndrome weight for second read data, and determine first reliability data and second reliability data based on the first syndrome weight and the second syndrome weight. The first read data may be read from a memory area using a first read bias and the second read data may be read from the memory area using a second read bias different from the first read bias.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for treating a substrate, the apparatus including: a housing having an inner space; a plurality of outer cups arranged in a row in the inner space, each having a processing space; a spin chuck for supporting and rotating a substrate in each of the processing spaces; and a treatment solution nozzle provided in a plurality to correspond to the plurality of outer cups, respectively, and for supplying a treatment solution onto the substrate supported by the spin chuck, in which the outer cup includes a sidewall surrounding the spin chuck, the sidewall includes a first region and a second region located adjacent to each other along a circumferential direction thereof, and the outer cup includes a first protrusion installed in the first region while extending upwardly on a top end of the sidewall.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory device and a controller. The memory device outputs a codeword read from plural memory cells in response to a request. The controller is configured to establish a plurality of variable nodes and a plurality of check nodes from the codeword, perform a second flipping function operation for estimating flipping necessity and flipping frequency regarding the plurality of variable nodes based on the plurality of check nodes, determine, based on the flipping necessity and the flipping frequency, which iterative operation is performed during a first flipping operation for decoding the codeword, and perform the first flipping operation through a determined iterative operation to obtain the plurality of variable nodes.

Abstract: A read pattern obtained in a read operation for determining an optimal read voltage when an initial read operation fails is stored, and is used in a read operation to be subsequently performed for determining a new optimal read voltage.

Abstract: A unit for supplying a substrate-treating liquid is provided with a first reservoir and a second reservoir between which a differential pressure is constantly maintained to establish a flow rate, along with a substrate-treating apparatus having the unit for supplying the substrate-treating liquid. The unit for supplying the substrate-treating liquid includes a supply reservoir module and a buffer reservoir module. The supply reservoir module includes a first reservoir for supplying the substrate-treating liquid to an inkjet head unit for jetting the substrate-treating liquid onto a substrate, and a second reservoir for recovering the substrate-treating liquid that remains unused in the inkjet head unit. The buffer reservoir module is configured to provide the substrate-treating liquid to the first reservoir. Differential pressure is constantly maintained between the first reservoir and the second reservoir.

Abstract: Provided are a nozzle inspection method and a nozzle inspection apparatus capable of accurately detecting a defect in an inkjet head nozzle within a short time. The nozzle inspection method comprises discharging a plurality of droplets into a first region of interest of a substrate using a first nozzle to form an inspection pattern, and determining whether the first nozzle is defective based on the inspection pattern.

Abstract: A storage device may include a memory device and a memory controller. The memory device may store data. The memory controller may iterate error correction decoding on data read from the memory device, determine whether to continue iterating based on a result obtained by comparing a first threshold number with a number of Unsatisfied Check Nodes (UCNs) included in a syndrome of first decoded data, which is a result of a first set number of iterations of the error correction decoding on the read data, and determine whether to continue iterating based on a result obtained by comparing a second threshold number with a number of UCNs included in a syndrome of second decoded data, which is a result of a sum of the first set number and a second set number of iterations of the error correction decoding on the read data.

Abstract: Provided herein may be a memory controller and a memory system including the same. The memory controller may include an error correction circuit configured to perform error correction decoding on data that is read by read retry operations, a buffer memory configured to store decoding history information including retry fail voltages used for a failure in the read retry operations and syndrome weights respectively corresponding to the retry fail voltages, and a processor configured to, when a number of times that the read retry operations fail reaches a threshold number of times, determine a voltage corresponding to a minimum syndrome weight determined based on a relationship between changes in the syndrome weights relative to magnitudes of the retry fail voltages, to be an optimally estimated read voltage, and provide data that is read using the optimally estimated read voltage to the error correction circuit.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an yttrium-based thermal spray coating is disclosed. The method includes spraying yttrium-based granular powder containing a mixture of yttrium compound powder and silica (SiO2) powder by an atmospheric plasma spraying process to form the yttrium-based thermal spray coating on a base member, in which the yttrium compound is any one selected from Y2O3, YOF, YF3, Y4Al2O9, Y3Al5O12 and YAlO3, the silica (SiO2) occupies 0.1 to 30 wt %, and the yttrium-based thermal spray coating has a value ‘L’ of 80.0 or greater as a colorimetric measurement value under a plasma exposure condition.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes compositions and methods for preparing aqueous nano-dispersions of hydrophobic agrochemicals and fungicides comprising cellulose nanomaterials as a carrier or dispersing agent. The compositions described herein provide superior pest and parasite control efficiency. The disclosure also provides pesticide formulations comprising cellulose nanomaterials and a dispersing agent, e.g., a surfactant, that demonstrates enhanced deposition on hydrophobic plant surfaces. The disclosure also describes the design and preparation of mucoadhesive CNC pesticide containing nano-dispersion for the control and remediation of parasitic organisms, such as sea lice in farmed aquatic species such as salmon.

Abstract: Proposed is a fuel cell manifold gasket. More particularly, proposed is a fuel cell manifold gasket, in which the gasket is composed of a support part of a hard conductive material and a compression part of an elastic material that covers each side of the support part, thereby preventing deformation of the gasket and preventing degradation of performance and durability due to deformation, and furthermore increasing manufacturing precision of the gasket and lowering the defect rate; and the support part of a conductive material is configured to make contact with a separator, thereby enabling stable voltage measurement and monitoring.

Abstract: Proposed is an air supply apparatus for a fuel cell. More particularly, proposed is an air supply apparatus for a fuel cell, in which a blower fan for supplying air for cooling a stack and a blower for supplying air for reaction in the fuel cell are separately provided, thereby preventing overheating of the blower through efficient operation of the blower and preventing damage to the fuel cell caused by oxygen, foreign substances, etc. being supplied to a cathode during storage of the fuel cell; and a part of air supplied through an air generating part of the blower is sprayed toward the outside of the air generating part, thereby preventing overheating of the air generating part and lowering the temperature of air supplied to the cathode.

Abstract: An ink treatment apparatus and method are provided. The ink treatment apparatus includes: a reservoir storing ink; a head module ejecting the ink; a first control valve controlling a flow of the ink; a plurality of fluid transfer lines installed between the reservoir and the head module and having the ink flow therein; a pump installed in the fluid transfer lines to pump the ink; a flow rate measurement module installed in the fluid transfer line, the flow rate measurement module measuring a flow rate of the ink in accordance with the flow of the ink and providing ink flow rate information that is information regarding the flow rate of the ink; and a control module controlling a circulation ratio of the ink between the fluid transfer lines by controlling the pump and the first control valve based on the ink flow rate information.