Abstract: A display panel includes a first substrate including a display area, in which a plurality of pixel areas is arranged, and a non-display area around the display area, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, a light emitting array disposed on the first substrate and including a plurality of light emitting elements corresponding to the plurality of pixel areas, a sealing layer disposed in the non-display area between the first substrate and the second substrate and bonding the first substrate and the second substrate to each other, a vacuum layer sealed by the sealing layer and defined between the light emitting array and the second substrate, and a reflection adjustment layer disposed on the second substrate and absorbing a portion of external light, where the reflection adjustment layer includes a plurality of protrusions protruding toward the light emitting array and exposed to the vacuum layer.

Abstract: According to embodiments, a head-mounted display device includes a display panel, and an optical system disposed in front of the display panel. The display panel includes a light emitting device unit, three cholesteric layers disposed on the front surface of the light emitting device unit, an upper light blocking layer disposed between two cholesteric layers, a retardation plate disposed on front surfaces of the cholesteric layers, an absorption-type polarizer disposed in front of the retardation plate. Each cholesteric layers have different wavelength values according to the following equation: wavelength=n×pitch value where, n is a refractive index value, and the pitch value is a pitch value of liquid crystal molecules of the cholesteric layers.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolyte for a secondary battery that includes an ionic liquid containing an ether functional group, thereby providing effects of lowering the viscosity and improving lithium ion conductivity even when a molecular weight is increased.

Abstract: A light emitting display device according to an embodiment includes a driving element layer disposed on a substrate, a light emitting element layer disposed on the driving element layer, and an external light decreasing layer disposed on the light emitting element layer. The light emitting element layer includes an anode, a pixel defining film having a first opening exposing at least a portion of the anode, a light emitting layer disposed on the anode in the first opening of the pixel defining film, and a cathode disposed on the light emitting layer and the pixel defining film. The external light decreasing layer includes an inorganic material having an absorption coefficient of greater than or equal to about 1.5, and includes a reflection control layer having a second opening corresponding to the first opening of the pixel defining film.

Abstract: Provided are a dynamic analysis method and an apparatus for verifying use of open source software, in which a computer-implemented method for verifying whether open source software is used includes inputting input data from a fuzzer to one or more software modules, collecting data sets generated during a process in which the software module processes the input data, vectorizing the collected data sets, measuring a similarity between the vectorized data sets, and generating a verification result based on the similarity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus determine image normality using an artificial intelligence model. A method for determining image normality using an anomaly detection model includes obtaining an inference result of the anomaly detection model. The method further includes determining a step size and a size of an inspection window for identifying abnormal regions. The method also includes calculating an AUROC value based on the inspection window. The method further includes determining whether a region of the inspection window is normal or abnormal by comparing the AUROC value with a predefined threshold. The method also includes determining whether an image is normal or abnormal based on the result of identifying abnormal regions.

Abstract: A display device includes a plurality of electrodes disposed on a substrate and spaced apart from each other, a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed between the plurality of electrodes, a planarization layer disposed on the plurality of light-emitting elements, a lower reflective layer disposed on the planarization layer and comprising a first opening overlapping the plurality of light-emitting elements in a plan view, a wavelength conversion layer disposed on the lower reflective layer, and a functional layer disposed on the wavelength conversion layer and comprising a second opening overlapping the first opening in a plan view.

Abstract: A display device may include a display layer and a phase retardation layer disposed on the display layer. The phase retardation layer includes a first layer including a phase retarder, a second layer disposed on the first layer and including an inorganic material, and a third layer disposed on the second layer and including a polarizer. An upper surface of the first layer has a first wrinkle structure and contacts a lower surface of the second layer. An upper surface of the second layer has a second wrinkle structure and contacts a lower surface of the third layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a display device. According to one or more embodiments of the disclosure, a display device comprising a display panel comprising a display area where pixels are arranged, a data driver configured to provide data signals to the pixels of the display panel, and a main driver configured to correct image data from outside based on structural deformation amount of a folding area of the display area to provide it to the data driver, and to control driving timing of the data driver, wherein the main driver is configured to divide the display area into at least one folding area and first display area and the second flat display area, corrects the image data based on the structural deformation amount of the folding area, and aligns corrected image data to provide it to the data driver.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate including a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area, a pixel circuit layer disposed on the substrate, a light emitting element layer which is disposed on the pixel circuit layer and includes light emitting elements, and a filter layer which is disposed on the light emitting element layer and includes filters respectively overlapping the light emitting elements. Each of the filters has metal layers and a dielectric layer disposed between the metal layers, and centers of the filters are shifted from centers of the light emitting elements.

Abstract: A display device and an optical device are provided. The display device includes a substrate, a display element layer disposed on the substrate, and including a first electrode, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode, a phase retardation layer disposed on the display element layer, a barrier layer disposed on a side surface of the phase retardation layer, and a wire grid polarizer disposed on the phase retardation layer, wherein the barrier layer contains a moisture absorbent material.

Abstract: Provided are a method and a system for integratedly managing a vehicle operation state. A vehicle integration management method performed by a server implemented by using a computer may include: receiving vehicle operation data related to an operation state of the vehicle from a vehicle terminal mounted or embedded in the vehicle; and providing a service related to the vehicle operation data through a dedicated application on a user terminal used by a user of the vehicle, wherein the providing may provide at least one of an operation report, a parking impact notification, and an accident situation notification based on the vehicle operation data in association with the application.

Abstract: Provided are a method and a system for integratedly managing a vehicle operation state. A vehicle integration management method performed by a server implemented by using a computer may include: receiving vehicle operation data related to an operation state of the vehicle from a vehicle terminal mounted or embedded in the vehicle; and providing a service related to the vehicle operation data through a dedicated application on a user terminal used by a user of the vehicle, wherein the providing may provide at least one of an operation report, a parking impact notification, and an accident situation notification based on the vehicle operation data in association with the application.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate; a plurality of first electrodes on the substrate; a pixel defining layer defining a plurality of emission areas disposed to correspond to the plurality of first electrodes, respectively; a light emitting layer on the plurality of first electrodes; and a second electrode on the light emitting layer, wherein each of the plurality of emission areas has a circular shape in the plan view, and the plurality of emission areas have the same size in the plan view.

Abstract: Provided are a method and a system for integratedly managing a vehicle operation state. A vehicle integration management method performed by a server implemented by using a computer may include: receiving vehicle operation data related to an operation state of the vehicle from a vehicle terminal mounted or embedded in the vehicle; and providing a service related to the vehicle operation data through a dedicated application on a user terminal used by a user of the vehicle, wherein the providing may provide at least one of an operation report, a parking impact notification, and an accident situation notification based on the vehicle operation data in association with the application.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method of controlling spatially selective air sampling, the apparatus including a sensing unit configured to detect a multimodal sensing value for at least one space, a diagnostic module configured to collect fine suspended materials in air of the space and diagnose composition of the fine suspended materials, an air adjuster configured to suction the air of the space and transfer the suctioned air to the diagnostic module, and a processor configured to generate color palette data of a unified data space having pixel brightness corresponding to signal intensity of the multimodal sensing value, map the color palette data to a diagnostic result of the diagnostic module, perform inference through a learning model based on the color palette data and the diagnostic result, and control the air adjuster for each space according to an inference result to transfer the air to the diagnostic module.

Abstract: A lens assembly including an incident side on which light is incident and an exit side opposite to the incident side, includes: a first polarization layer disposed adjacent to the incident side; a second polarization layer disposed between the first polarization layer and the exit side; a phase retardation layer disposed between the first polarization layer and the second polarization layer. The phase retardation layer has a first phase retardation refractive index along a first direction, has a second phase retardation refractive index equal to the first phase retardation refractive index along a second direction, and has a third phase retardation refractive index along a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction, and the first phase retardation refractive index and the second phase retardation refractive index are different from the third phase retardation refractive index.