Abstract: The present invention discloses an encoding apparatus using a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) scanning, which includes a mode selection means for selecting an optimal mode for intra prediction; an intra prediction means for performing intra prediction onto video inputted based on the mode selected in the mode selection means; a DCT and quantization means for performing DCT and quantization onto residual coefficients of a block outputted from the intra prediction means; and an entropy encoding means for performing entropy encoding onto DCT coefficients acquired from the DCT and quantization by using a scanning mode decided based on pixel similarity of the residual coefficients.

Abstract: An engine having a variable valve timing device and a variable tumble device, may include the variable valve timing device advancing or delaying a rotation of an intake camshaft or an exhaust camshaft, an intake valve or an exhaust valve configured to be operated by the intake camshaft or the exhaust camshaft respectively to open and close an intake port or an exhaust port, and the variable tumble device that may be disposed on an upstream side of the intake valve in the intake port and changes a flow of a gas being suck to form a tumble in a combustion chamber.

Abstract: A continuous variable valve lift device includes a valve, which opens/closes a channel by means of reciprocation, a control shaft, which is mounted so as to be able to move toward or away from a reciprocation central axis of the valve, a pivotable shoe, which is pivotably coupled to the control shaft, includes a cam insertion part in a recess or through-hole shape and a slide face slidably contacting an end of the valve, and reciprocates the valve when pivoted, and a drive cam, which comes into contact with an inner wall of the cam insertion part, and pivots the pivotable shoe. Thereby, the continuous variable valve lift device can freely adjust a lift amount and a lift time of the valve without changing positions of the drive cam and camshaft, and thus be easily applied to an existing engine.

Abstract: A continuous variable valve lift device includes a valve, which opens/closes a channel by means of reciprocation, a control shaft, which is mounted so as to be able to move toward or away from a reciprocation central axis of the valve, a pivotable shoe, which is pivotably coupled to the control shaft, includes a cam insertion part in a recess or through-hole shape and a slide face slidably contacting an end of the valve, and reciprocates the valve when pivoted, and a drive cam, which comes into contact with an inner wall of the cam insertion part, and pivots the pivotable shoe. Thereby, the continuous variable valve lift device can freely adjust a lift amount and a lift time of the valve without changing positions of the drive cam and camshaft, and thus be easily applied to an existing engine.