Abstract: Provided is an encoding apparatus for integrally encoding and decoding a speech signal and a audio signal, and may include: an input signal analyzer to analyze a characteristic of an input signal; a stereo encoder to down mix the input signal to a mono signal when the input signal is a stereo signal, and to extract stereo sound image information; a frequency band expander to expand a frequency band of the input signal; a sampling rate converter to convert a sampling rate; a speech signal encoder to encode the input signal using a speech encoding module when the input signal is a speech characteristics signal; a audio signal encoder to encode the input signal using a audio encoding module when the input signal is a audio characteristic signal; and a bitstream generator to generate a bitstream.

Abstract: An encoding apparatus and a decoding apparatus in a transform between a Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT)-based coder and a different coder are provided. The encoding apparatus may encode additional information to restore an input signal encoded according to the MIDCT-based coding scheme, when switching occurs between the MDCT-based coder and the different coder. Accordingly, an unnecessary bitstream may be prevented from being generated, and minimum additional information may be encoded.

Abstract: Disclosed is a synaptic transistor, including a substrate, an expansion gate electrode disposed to extend in one direction on the substrate, a gate insulating layer including ions, covering the expansion gate electrode, and disposed on the substrate, a channel layer disposed on the gate insulating layer to correspond to one end of the expansion gate electrode, source and drain electrodes spaced apart from each other, covering both ends of the channel layer, and disposed on the gate insulating layer, and a pad electrode disposed on the gate insulating layer to correspond to the other end of the expansion gate electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for immersive spatial audio modeling and rendering for effectively transmitting and playing immersive spatial audio content. The apparatus for immersive spatial audio modeling and rendering disclosed herein may model a spatial audio scene, generate and transmit parameters necessary for spatial audio rendering, and generate various spatial audio effects using the spatial audio parameters, to provide an immersive three-dimensional (3D) audio source coinciding with visual experience in a virtual reality space in response to free changes in the position and direction of a remote user in the space.

Abstract: The present inventive concept relates to a substrate processing apparatus comprising: a chamber; a substrate support part which supports at least one substrate in the chamber; a lower plate which is disposed above the substrate support part; and an upper plate which is disposed above the lower plate, wherein: the upper plate includes a first spray hole which provides a first gas and a second spray hole which provides a second gas; and the lower plate includes a first opening which is disposed under the first spray hole so as to allow the first gas provided from the first spray hole to pass therethrough and a second opening which is disposed under the second spray hole so as to allow the second gas provided from the second spray hole to pass therethrough.

Abstract: Provided is a method of reproducing an ambisonic signal in a virtual reality (VR) space. The ambisonic signal reproduction method may include receiving an ambisonic signal, mapping the ambisonic signal to channels localized on a sphere according to an equivalent spatial domain (ESD) standard corresponding to an order of the ambisonic signal, and performing a sound field reproduction in the VR space based on the channels localized on the sphere.

Abstract: Provided is an encoding apparatus for integrally encoding and decoding a speech signal and a audio signal, and may include: an input signal analyzer to analyze a characteristic of an input signal; a stereo encoder to down mix the input signal to a mono signal when the input signal is a stereo signal, and to extract stereo sound image information; a frequency band expander to expand a frequency band of the input signal; a sampling rate converter to convert a sampling rate; a speech signal encoder to encode the input signal using a speech encoding module when the input signal is a speech characteristics signal; a audio signal encoder to encode the input signal using a audio encoding module when the input signal is a audio characteristic signal; and a bitstream generator to generate a bitstream.

Abstract: An encoding apparatus and a decoding apparatus in a transform between a Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT)-based coder and a different coder are provided. The encoding apparatus may encode additional information to restore an input signal encoded according to the MDCT-based coding scheme, when switching occurs between the MDCT-based coder and the different coder. Accordingly, an unnecessary bitstream may be prevented from being generated, and minimum additional information may be encoded.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rendering an object-based audio signal considering an obstacle are disclosed. A method for rendering an object-based audio signal according to an example embodiment, the method includes identifying an object-based input signal and metadata for the input signal, generating a binaural filter based on the metadata using a binaural room impulse response (BRIR), determining, based on the metadata, whether an obstacle is present between a listener and an object, modifying the generated binaural filter when it is determined that the obstacle is present, and generating a rendered output signal by convolving the modified binaural filter and the input signal.

Abstract: A bitstream reconstruction method and apparatus are provided. The method includes constructing an initial bitstream by rendering sound source information and geometry information within a reference radius from an initial location of a user accessing a virtual space into spatial audio, collecting location information according to a movement of the user within the virtual space, and reconstructing, based on a relationship between the reference radius and a movement radius identified according to the collected location information, the initial bitstream constructed by corresponding to the initial location of the user.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating late reverberation are provided. The method includes generating a reverberation parameter required to generate late reverberation based on an early room impulse response, outputting late reverberation based on the reverberation parameter, and outputting a room impulse response based on the early room impulse response and the late reverberation.

Abstract: A rendering method of an object-based audio signal and an apparatus for performing the same are provided. The rendering method of an object-based audio signal includes obtaining a rendered audio signal, performing clipping prevention on the rendered audio signal using a first limiter, mixing a signal output by the first limiter using a mixer, and performing clipping prevention on the mixed signal using a second limiter.

Abstract: An audio rendering method and an electronic device performing the same are disclosed. The disclosed audio rendering method includes determining an air absorption attenuation amount of an audio signal based on a recording distance included in metadata of the audio signal and a source distance between a sound source of the audio signal and a listener; and rendering the audio signal based on the air absorption attenuation amount.

Abstract: A Unified Speech and Audio Codec (USAC) that may process a window sequence based on mode switching is provided. The USAC may perform encoding or decoding by overlapping between frames based on a folding point when mode switching occurs. The USAC may process different window sequences for each situation to perform encoding or decoding, and thereby may improve a coding efficiency.

Abstract: A rendering method of an object-based audio signal and an apparatus for performing the same are provided. The rendering method of an object-based audio signal includes obtaining a rendered audio signal, performing clipping prevention on the rendered audio signal using a first limiter, mixing a signal output by the first limiter using a mixer, and performing clipping prevention on the mixed signal using a second limiter.

Abstract: An audio rendering method and an electronic device performing the same are disclosed. The disclosed audio rendering method includes determining an air absorption attenuation amount of an audio signal based on a recording distance included in metadata of the audio signal and a source distance between a sound source of the audio signal and a listener; and rendering the audio signal based on the air absorption attenuation amount.

Abstract: A method of rendering object-based audio and an electronic device performing the method are provided. The method includes identifying a bitstream, determining a reference distance of an object sound source based on the bitstream, determining a minimum distance for applying distance-dependent attenuation, based on the reference distance, and determining a gain of object-based audio included in the bitstream based on the reference distance and the minimum distance.

Abstract: An encoding/decoding apparatus and method for controlling a channel signal is disclosed, wherein the encoding apparatus may include an encoder to encode an object signal, a channel signal, and rendering information for the channel signal, and a bit stream generator to generate, as a bit stream, the encoded object signal, the encoded channel signal, and the encoded rendering information for the channel signal.

Abstract: Provided is an encoding apparatus for integrally encoding and decoding a speech signal and a audio signal, and may include: an input signal analyzer to analyze a characteristic of an input signal; a stereo encoder to down mix the input signal to a mono signal when the input signal is a stereo signal, and to extract stereo sound image information; a frequency band expander to expand a frequency band of the input signal; a sampling rate converter to convert a sampling rate; a speech signal encoder to encode the input signal using a speech encoding module when the input signal is a speech characteristics signal; a audio signal encoder to encode the input signal using a audio encoding module when the input signal is a audio characteristic signal; and a bitstream generator to generate a bitstream.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an encoding apparatus using a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) scanning, which includes a mode selection means for selecting an optimal mode for intra prediction; an intra prediction means for performing intra prediction onto video inputted based on the mode selected in the mode selection means; a DCT and quantization means for performing DCT and quantization onto residual coefficients of a block outputted from the intra prediction means; and an entropy encoding means for performing entropy encoding onto DCT coefficients acquired from the DCT and quantization by using a scanning mode decided based on pixel similarity of the residual coefficients.