Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a base semiconductor chip, a first chip structure including first semiconductor chips that are vertically stacked on the base semiconductor chip, and a second chip structure disposed on the first chip structure and including second semiconductor chips that are vertically stacked on the first chip structure. Inactive surfaces of the first semiconductor chips are oriented in a first direction with respect to the base semiconductor chip, and active surfaces of the second semiconductor chips are oriented in the first direction with respect to the base semiconductor chip.

Abstract: Proposed is an air-cooling type fuel cell. More particularly, proposed is an air-cooling type fuel cell capable of air recirculation, in which air passing through a stack is circulated back toward an inlet of a housing to be used as cooling air for the stack, thereby preventing overcooling of the stack even at a low outside air temperature and maintaining the stack at an appropriate temperature; air is circulated along opposite sides of the housing to insulate opposite ends of the stack, thereby maintaining the entire stack at a uniform temperature; and the degree of circulation of air passing through the stack is adjusted, thereby accurately adjusting the temperature of air supplied to the stack.

Abstract: An ink treatment apparatus and method are provided. The ink treatment apparatus includes: a reservoir storing ink; a head module ejecting the ink; a first control valve controlling a flow of the ink; a plurality of fluid transfer lines installed between the reservoir and the head module and having the ink flow therein; a pump installed in the fluid transfer lines to pump the ink; a flow rate measurement module installed in the fluid transfer line, the flow rate measurement module measuring a flow rate of the ink in accordance with the flow of the ink and providing ink flow rate information that is information regarding the flow rate of the ink; and a control module controlling a circulation ratio of the ink between the fluid transfer lines by controlling the pump and the first control valve based on the ink flow rate information.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a substrate treating apparatus. The substrate treating apparatus comprising: a treating vessel including an outer cup and an inner cup placed in an inner side of the outer cup, the inner cup and the outer cup in combination defining a recollecting route for a recollecting a liquid; a rotatable spin head placed within the treating vessel on which a cleaning jig is placed; wherein the treating vessel comprises a first protrusion protruding from an inner side surface of the outer cup to direct a cleaning liquid scattering from the cleaning jig toward a surface of the inner cup.

Abstract: A memory device may include a read controller and an error correction circuit. The read controller may sequentially perform a plurality of read retry operations on a memory device. The error correction circuit may perform a plurality of first error correction decodings on read data respectively acquired from the plurality of read retry operations, store a plurality of Unsatisfied Syndrome Check (USC) values respectively produced by the plurality of first error correction decodings, and perform a second error correction decoding based on read data corresponding to a minimum USC value among the plurality of USC values.

Abstract: A method for decoding a memory system, the method may include establishing a plurality of check nodes and a plurality of variable nodes corresponding to the plurality of check nodes of a codeword; setting a preliminary operation speed based on a progress rate of a preliminary operation for generating predictive error information of each of the plurality of the variable nodes; performing the preliminary operation according to the preliminary operation speed; and performing a main decoding operation for error correction on at least a part of the plurality of the variable nodes based on the predictive error information.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory device and a controller. The memory device is configured to output a codeword. The controller is configured to establish, from the codeword, a plurality of variable nodes and a plurality of check nodes, and schedule a decoding operation to ensure that a number of check-sum updates during one cycle of the decoding operation does not exceed a threshold set to be less than a number of the check nodes, wherein the decoding operation includes iterative operations, and each iterative operation includes plural sub-iterative operations.

Abstract: A storage device includes a memory including a plurality of word lines, a plurality of bit lines and a plurality of memory cells, and a controller configured to control the memory and perform a read retry operation for the memory using a read retry table. The memory includes a special block that stores a read retry table in which a plurality of read retry values are set for each of a plurality of first conditions and each of a plurality of second conditions corresponding to each of the plurality of first conditions.

Abstract: A storage device may include a memory device and a memory controller. The memory device may store data. The memory controller may iterate error correction decoding on data read from the memory device, determine whether to continue iterating based on a result obtained by comparing a first threshold number with a number of Unsatisfied Check Nodes (UCNs) included in a syndrome of first decoded data, which is a result of a first set number of iterations of the error correction decoding on the read data, and determine whether to continue iterating based on a result obtained by comparing a second threshold number with a number of UCNs included in a syndrome of second decoded data, which is a result of a sum of the first set number and a second set number of iterations of the error correction decoding on the read data.

Abstract: Provided are a substrate treating liquid supply unit for constantly maintaining a liquid level of a nozzle of an inkjet head unit through real-time water level measurement, and a substrate treating apparatus including the same. The substrate treating liquid supply unit includes: a first reservoir connected to an inkjet head unit for jetting a substrate treating liquid onto a substrate and providing the substrate treating liquid to the inkjet head unit; a water level sensor measuring a water level of the substrate treating liquid stored in the first reservoir; and a pressure control module compensating for a pressure provided to the first reservoir based on an amount variation in the water level of the substrate treating liquid, wherein a liquid level of a nozzle of the inkjet head unit is constantly maintained.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device includes alternately stacking sacrificial layers and interlayer insulating layers over a lower structure, forming a slit passing through the sacrificial layers and the interlayer insulating layers, removing the sacrificial layers through the slit through a wet etching process, and removing, through a dry etching process, a byproduct that is produced at ends of the interlayer insulating layers during the wet etching process.

Abstract: A nozzle module includes a base portion; a nozzle portion disposed on the base portion, and including a first body, and a nozzle portion reciprocating in a first movement direction; and a vessel unit disposed to face the nozzle portion, and including a second body reciprocating in a second movement direction, and an accommodation portion concavely formed inwardly from an upper surface of the second body.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method performed by a computing device for implementing a Graphical User Interface (GUI) providing a development environment, the method including: setting, by a computing device, a plurality of code blocks; designating two or more execution target blocks among the plurality of code blocks; constructing one or more pipelines defining a relationship between the two or more execution target blocks and connecting the two or more execution target blocks; and executing at least some of the two or more execution target blocks based on the connection relationship of the one or more pipelines.

Abstract: The present technology provides a controller for controlling a memory device comprising: a hard syndrome calculator configured to generate a hard syndrome of a hard data chunk received from the memory device; a delta syndrome calculator configured to generate a delta syndrome of a delta bit data received from the memory device, the delta bit data indicating a reliability of the hard data chunk; a soft syndrome generator configured to generate a soft syndrome of the hard syndrome and the delta syndrome; a data determinator configured to select, as hard decision data, one of the hard data chunk and a soft data chunk, the selected data chunk corresponding to a syndrome having a lowest syndrome weight; and an error corrector configured to perform an ECC decoding operation on the hard decision data.

Abstract: A decoding device may determine a candidate data unit among a plurality of data units included in one data chunk, in parallel with an operation of decoding a target data unit among the plurality of data units. The decoding device may determine whether to decode the candidate data unit, and may decode the candidate data unit according to whether to decode the candidate data unit, after executing decoding on the target data unit.

Abstract: A decoding device may determine a candidate data unit among a plurality of data units included in one data chunk, in parallel with an operation of decoding a target data unit among the plurality of data units. The decoding device may determine whether to decode the candidate data unit, and may decode the candidate data unit according to whether to decode the candidate data unit, after executing decoding on the target data unit.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device includes alternately stacking sacrificial layers and interlayer insulating layers over a lower structure, forming a slit passing through the sacrificial layers and the interlayer insulating layers, removing the sacrificial layers through the slit through a wet etching process, and removing, through a dry etching process, a byproduct that is produced at ends of the interlayer insulating layers during the wet etching process.

Abstract: A controller and an operating method of the controller may calculate a first syndrome weight which is syndrome weight for first read data, calculate a second syndrome weight which is syndrome weight for second read data, and determine first reliability data and second reliability data based on the first syndrome weight and the second syndrome weight. The first read data may be read from a memory area using a first read bias and the second read data may be read from the memory area using a second read bias different from the first read bias.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for treating a substrate, the apparatus including: a housing having an inner space; a plurality of outer cups arranged in a row in the inner space, each having a processing space; a spin chuck for supporting and rotating a substrate in each of the processing spaces; and a treatment solution nozzle provided in a plurality to correspond to the plurality of outer cups, respectively, and for supplying a treatment solution onto the substrate supported by the spin chuck, in which the outer cup includes a sidewall surrounding the spin chuck, the sidewall includes a first region and a second region located adjacent to each other along a circumferential direction thereof, and the outer cup includes a first protrusion installed in the first region while extending upwardly on a top end of the sidewall.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory device and a controller. The memory device outputs a codeword read from plural memory cells in response to a request. The controller is configured to establish a plurality of variable nodes and a plurality of check nodes from the codeword, perform a second flipping function operation for estimating flipping necessity and flipping frequency regarding the plurality of variable nodes based on the plurality of check nodes, determine, based on the flipping necessity and the flipping frequency, which iterative operation is performed during a first flipping operation for decoding the codeword, and perform the first flipping operation through a determined iterative operation to obtain the plurality of variable nodes.