Abstract: An inspection apparatus of an embodiment includes a rotor image-pickup unit for picking up an image of a rotor using a rotor image-pickup device in the air gap between the rotor and a stator. The rotor image-pickup device includes: a carriage casing; a camera; an image-pickup position changing part; and an image-pickup direction changing part. The camera is installed in the carriage casing, and picks up an image of a ventilation hole of the rotor in the air gap. The image-pickup position changing part is installed in the carriage casing, and changes an image-pickup position of the camera by moving the carriage casing in a circumferential direction of the rotor in the air gap. The image-pickup direction changing part is installed in the carriage casing, and changes an image-pickup direction of the camera to an inclined angle to a radial direction of the rotor in the air gap.

Abstract: A toner set capable of eliminating unclearness in a color boundary of an image in which a color image and a black image are printed side by side. The toner set includes at least: a black toner for forming a black image; and a color toner for forming a color toner image. The black toner is a toner comprising a black toner particle containing a black colorant formed of carbon black or iron oxide, a binder resin, and a releasing agent, and an external additive. The color toner is a toner comprising a color toner particle containing a color organic colorant, a binder resin, and a releasing agent. A ratio in surface roughness (Sa) between the toners is 1.30? surface roughness Sa(C) of color toner/surface roughness Sa(Bk) of black toner ?4.00. The surface roughness Sa(C) of the color toner is 10 nm to 30 nm.

Abstract: The subject toner includes a toner particle containing a binding resin and an inorganic oxide particle, wherein the inorganic oxide particle is a particle of an oxide containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of: Si; Mg; Al; Ti; and Sr, wherein, when an area of the inorganic oxide particle is represented by Sm and a sectional area of the toner is represented by St in a cross-section of the toner observed with a transmission electron microscope, Sm/St is 4.0% or more, wherein an area Sm of the inorganic oxide particle that occupies each of four regions obtained by dividing the cross-section of the toner by a long diameter of the toner and a perpendicular bisector of the long diameter has a standard deviation of 0.40 or more in the observed cross-section, and wherein the toner has an average circularity of 0.950 or more.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle and an external additive, wherein the toner particle comprises a core comprising a resin A and a shell comprising a resin B on the surface of the core, the external additive comprises a hydrotalcite particle A, fluorine and aluminum are present in an inner part of the hydrotalcite particle A in line analysis in STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, and a concentration ratio of the number of fluorine atoms relative to aluminum atoms (F/Al) in the hydrotalcite particle A, as determined by primary component mapping of the hydrotalcite particle A in the STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, is 0.01 to 0.60.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a toner excellent in low-temperature fixability and excellent in durability under harsh environments of high-temperature and high-humidity, and a method for producing the toner. The toner can contain: a toner particle containing a binder resin, wax, and an inorganic oxide particle; and an external additive, wherein the inorganic oxide particle contains, as a main component, an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Mg, Al, Ti, and Sr; when a thin piece obtained by cutting the toner with a microtome is observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), the major axis A of the inorganic oxide particle is 0.10 to 3.00 ?m; and in a wettability test of the toner with respect to a methanol/water mixed solvent, a methanol concentration at a transmittance of light having a wavelength of 780 nm of 50% is 5.0 to 30.0% by volume.

Abstract: A toner comprising: a toner particle comprising a binder resin; and an external additive at the surface of the toner particle, wherein, in a wettability test of the toner in a mixed methanol/water solvent, the methanol concentration at which the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 780 nm is 50% is 5 to 35 vol %, the external additive comprises a fluorine-containing particle, and the fluorine-containing particle is at least one selected from the group consisting of a fluorine-containing titania particle, a fluorine-containing silica particle, a fluorine-containing alumina particle, a fluorine-containing titanium composite oxide particle and a fluorine-containing hydrotalcite particle.

Abstract: The pigment dispersion is a pigment dispersion including a fluorescent agent, wherein, when at a wavelength of 250 nm or more and 290 nm or less, an integral value of an emission intensity in a wavelength range of 400 nm or more and 700 nm or less of an emission spectrum of the fluorescent agent for excitation light is represented by F1, an integral value of an emission intensity in a wavelength range of 400 nm or more and 700 nm or less of an emission spectrum of the pigment dispersion for excitation light is represented by F2, and a ratio of the fluorescent agent contained in a solid content obtained when the pigment dispersion is heated at 130° C. until a change in mass of the pigment dispersion reaches 0.3%/min or less is represented by W1 (mass%), the F1, the F2, and the W1 satisfy the formulae F2x 100/W1?F1 ×0.30 and 5.0?W1?80.0.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, a nonmagnetic inorganic oxide particle A, and a magnetic iron oxide particle B, wherein a softening point of a chloroform-soluble component of the toner particle is not greater than 90° C.; the nonmagnetic inorganic oxide particle A and the magnetic iron oxide particle B are internally added to the toner particle; the nonmagnetic inorganic oxide particle A comprises as its main component at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Mg, Al, Ti, and Sr; a proportion of the inorganic oxide particles having a long diameter of specific length is in specific range; and a value of a ratio of a number-average particle diameter of the long diameter for the nonmagnetic inorganic oxide particle A, to a number-average particle diameter of the long diameter for the magnetic iron oxide particle B, is 5 to 30.

Abstract: A toner and a method for producing the toner, wherein; the toner comprising a toner particle comprising a polyester resin, and has a softening point of 150° C. or less; the toner particle has the polyester resin within 100 nm from a surface of the toner particle, and where a value obtained by dividing an amount of counted ions for a structure represented by following formula (A) measured from the surface of the toner particle to a depth of 100 nm by TOF-SIMS by a total amount of counted ions is taken as a standard value, one or more peaks of the standard value are present within a range of 100 nm from the surface of the toner particle, and where A(dmax) denotes a standard value at a maximum peak and A(0) denotes a standard value on the toner particle surface, formula 1.15?A(dmax)/A(0)?5.00 is satisfied.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus having an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit, and a developing unit for forming a toner image on a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the charging unit has a conductive member disposed to be contactable with the electrophotographic photosensitive member; a conductive layer at the surface of the conductive member has a matrix and a plurality of domains dispersed in the matrix; at least a portion of the domains is exposed at the outer surface of the conductive member; the outer surface of the conductive member is constituted of at least the matrix and the domains; a volume resistivity R1 of the matrix is greater than 1.00×1012 ?·cm; a volume resistivity R2 of the domains is smaller than R1; the developing unit contains the toner; and a dielectric loss tangent of the toner is at least 0.0027.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus having an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit, and a developing unit for forming a toner image, wherein the charging unit has a conductive member disposed to be contactable with the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a conductive layer at the surface of the conductive member has a matrix-domain structure, at least a portion of the domains is exposed at the outer surface of the conductive member, the outer surface of the conductive member is constituted at least of the matrix and these domains, a volume resistivity R1 of the matrix is greater than 1.00×1012 ?·cm, a volume resistivity R2 of the domains is less than R1, Martens hardness G1 of the matrix and Martens hardness G2 of the domains satisfy a prescribed relationship, and an onset temperature T(A) for a storage elastic modulus E? of the toner is not more than 80.0° C.

Abstract: The toner contains a toner particle having a core-shell structure including: a core containing a binder resin and a colorant; and a shell, wherein the toner contains a crystalline material, and the shell contains an amorphous thermoplastic resin; and when SP values of the crystalline material and the amorphous thermoplastic resin, which are calculated by the Fedors method, are defined as SPc (J/cm3)0.5 and SPa (J/cm3)0.5, respectively, the SPc and the SPa (J/cm3) satisfy a particular relationship, and when the toner is observed by SEM after the toner has been subjected to ruthenium staining that treats the toner in an atmosphere of RuO4 gas having 500 Pa for 15 minutes, a ratio S2 (%) of an area occupied by the crystalline material per area of the toner satisfies a particular relationship.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, a hydrocarbon wax A, and an ester wax B, wherein assuming that a ratio of a peak intensity attributed to the hydrocarbon wax A to a peak intensity attributed to the binder resin in heating IR measurement in which the toner is held at 100° C. for 10 min is I, where an initial peak intensity ratio upon heating to 100° C. is denoted by I(ini) and a peak intensity ratio upon heating to 100° C. and holding for 10 min is denoted by I(10 min), the I(ini) and the I(10 min) satisfy a following formula (1): I(ini)/I(10 min)?0.95??(1).

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, and an ester wax A having a specific structure, wherein in a diffraction spectrum obtained by an X-ray diffractometer after the toner has been allowed to stand at 120° C. for 5 minutes and then at 60° C. for 5 minutes, assuming that a spectrum having a maximum peak in a range where 2? is from 5.45° to 5.95° is P1 and an integrated intensity of the P1 is S1, and a spectrum having a maximum peak in a range where 2? is from 21.45° to 21.95° is P2 and an integrated intensity of the P2 is S2, relationships of formulas (2) and (3) below are satisfied. S1/S2?0.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus having an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit, and a developing unit for forming a toner image, wherein the charging unit has a conductive member disposed to be contactable with the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a conductive layer at the surface of the conductive member has a matrix-domain structure, at least a portion of the domains is exposed at the outer surface of the conductive member, the outer surface of the conductive member is constituted at least of the matrix and these domains, a volume resistivity R1 of the matrix is greater than 1.00×1012 ?·cm, a volume resistivity R2 of the domains is less than R1, Martens hardness G1 of the matrix and Martens hardness G2 of the domains satisfy a prescribed relationship, and an onset temperature T(A) for a storage elastic modulus E? of the toner is not more than 80.0° C.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus having an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit, and a developing unit for forming a toner image on a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the charging unit has a conductive member disposed to be contactable with the electrophotographic photosensitive member; a conductive layer at the surface of the conductive member has a matrix and a plurality of domains dispersed in the matrix; at least a portion of the domains is exposed at the outer surface of the conductive member; the outer surface of the conductive member is constituted of at least the matrix and the domains; a volume resistivity R1 of the matrix is greater than 1.00×1012 ?·cm; a volume resistivity R2 of the domains is smaller than R1; the developing unit contains the toner; and a dielectric loss tangent of the toner is at least 0.0027.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an automatic voltage regulator includes a detection instruction unit configured to monitor a generator output voltage, and output an instruction signal when the output voltage of the generator 12 deviates from a predetermined range, the instruction signal being a signal of instructing detection of a specifying parameters generated in a generator field circuit of a generator excitation system; a field-parameter detection unit configured to detect the specifying parameters following to the instruction signal; and a comparison calculator configured to calculate a comparison value between the specifying parameters and a predetermined allowable upper-limit voltage-value of each component constituting the generator excitation system.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an automatic voltage regulator includes a detection instruction unit configured to monitor a generator output voltage, and output an instruction signal when the output voltage of the generator 12 deviates from a predetermined range, the instruction signal being a signal of instructing detection of a specifying parameters generated in a generator field circuit of a generator excitation system; a field-parameter detection unit configured to detect the specifying parameters following to the instruction signal; and a comparison calculator configured to calculate a comparison value between the specifying parameters and a predetermined allowable upper-limit voltage-value of each component constituting the generator excitation system.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a toner including a toner particle, the method including: a granulation step of mixing a polymerizable monomer composition containing a polymerizable monomer and an aqueous medium to form a suspension of particles of the polymerizable monomer composition; and a polymerization step of polymerizing the polymerizable monomer in each of the particles of the polymerizable monomer composition in the presence of a metal phosphate containing aluminum as a metal element to provide the toner particle, the content ratio of aluminum in the metal phosphate containing aluminum being 1.0 mol % or more and 95.0 mol % or less with respect to all metal elements, the metal phosphate containing aluminum being obtained by adding an aluminum compound to the aqueous medium and/or the suspension.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a toner including a toner particle, the method including: a granulation step of mixing a polymerizable monomer composition containing a polymerizable monomer and an aqueous medium to form a suspension of particles of the polymerizable monomer composition; and a polymerization step of polymerizing the polymerizable monomer in each of the particles of the polymerizable monomer composition in the presence of a metal phosphate containing aluminum as a metal element to provide the toner particle, the content ratio of aluminum in the metal phosphate containing aluminum being 1.0 mol % or more and 95.0 mol % or less with respect to all metal elements, the metal phosphate containing aluminum being obtained by adding an aluminum compound to the aqueous medium and/or the suspension.