Abstract: A simulated training model having a force perception mechanism to identify and notify to a user when an amount of force being applied to the model exceeds a pre-determined amount. The force perception mechanism has two states that are used to identify when an amount of force being applied to the model exceeds the pre-determined amount. In a first state, one or more portions of the simulated training model are removably connected to each other; for example the body to the base and/or the post to the body. The second state corresponds to when one or more of the portions of the simulated training model become detached from each other. When the transition occurs between the first state to the second state, the surgical training model informs the user that the force being applied to one or more of the portions of the simulated training model had exceeded the pre-determined amount.

Abstract: A surgical training model for teaching, practicing, and assessing motor and cognitive skills associated with laparoscopic surgery is provided. The surgical training model has at least a portion (e.g., limbs) that is manipulatable by a user in order to maneuver those portions in a desired manner in order to interact with other portions of the surgical training model. Force perception mechanisms can also be included to inform a user when an applied force on one or more portions of the surgical training model is over a pre-determined amount.