Abstract: An electrode with little deterioration or a secondary battery with little deterioration is provided. An electrode includes a first region and a second region. The first region includes a particle containing silicon. The second region includes a particle containing silicon and a graphene compound. The second region is in contact with the first region to cover at least part thereof. Alternatively, an electrode includes a plurality of particles containing silicon and a graphene compound. Each of the plurality of particles containing silicon includes a functional group containing oxygen and carbon, a functional group containing oxygen, or a fluorine atom in at least part of the surface. The graphene compound includes at least one of carbon terminated with hydrogen and carbon terminated with fluorine in a plane of the graphene compound. The graphene compound is in contact with the plurality of particles containing silicon to closely cling thereto.

Abstract: A carbon material with excellent characteristics is provided. An electrode having excellent characteristics can be provided. A novel carbon material can be provided. A novel electrode can be provided. A graphene compound including a vacancy includes a plurality of carbon atoms and one or more fluorine atoms, and the vacancy is formed with the plurality of carbon atoms and one or more fluorine atoms. The vacancy includes a ring-shaped region composed of the plurality of carbon atoms, and one or more fluorine atoms terminated in the ring-shaped region, and the ring-shaped region is a 18- or more-membered ring.