Abstract: Cephalosporin compounds represented by the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a protective group for the amino group,R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a protective group for the hydroxyl group,R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, a salt-forming cation or a protective group for the carboxyl group, andR.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a lower alkyl group,and their pharmacologically acceptable salts, process for their production and use of the same compounds as medicaments, particularly as antibiotic agents.

Abstract: There are disclosed an N-propargyl-N-(2-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-3-substituted benzenesulfonamide represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a perfluoro-lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group or a lower alkoxycarbonyl group; and R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a perfluoro-lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a lower alkoxy group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group or a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and a selective herbicide containing the same as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A method for preparing a 5-mercapto-1,2,3-thiadiazole salt represented by the general formula (I) is disclosed: ##STR1## the method comprises the steps of: providing a sulfonylhydrazone derivative represented by the general formula (II): ##STR2## providing a sulfide represented by the general formula (III):M--S--M' (III)(wherein R is an aryl group, X is a chlorine or bromine atom, M is an alkali metal atom and M' is a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal atom);combining the sulfonylhydrazone derivative represented by the general formula (II) and the sulfide represented by the general formula (III) and allowing a reaction to occur; andobtaining the 5-mercapto-1,2,3-thiadiazole salt represented by the general formula (I).

Abstract: Lactones of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or a CX.sub.3 group, and each X is a chlorine or bromine atom, are converted to the known cis-3-(2,2-dihalovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acids or lower alkyl esters, from which pyrethroid insecticides are obtained.

Abstract: Lactones of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or a CX.sub.3 group, and each X is a chlorine or bromine atom, are converted to the known cis-3-(2,2-dihalovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acids or lower alkyl esters, from which pyrethroid insecticides are obtained.

Abstract: There are disclosed processes for preparing an aromatic acetic acid by the reaction of an aromatic aldehyde with a combination of a trihalomethane and an alkanethiol, and by the reaction of an alcohol derivative (2,2,2-trihalo-1-arylethanol) with an alkanethiol, in the presence of a base in a mixed medium of water and an aprotic polar solvent.

Abstract: Lactones of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or a CX.sub.3 group, and each X is a chlorine or bromine atom, are converted to the known cis-3-(2,2-dihalovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acids or lower alkyl esters, from which pyrethroid insecticides are obtained.

Abstract: A process for preparing a 2-thio-2-substituted-alkanoic acid derivative represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein A, R, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as defined hereinafter, which comprises condensing an aldehyde compound of the formula (V)A--CHO (V)wherein A is as defined hereinafter, with a haloform of the formula CHX.sub.3 wherein X is as defined hereinafter and a mercaptan compound of the formula (IV)R.sup.3 SH (IV)wherein R.sup.3 is as defined hereinafter, in the presence of a base to produce a 2-(arylthio or alkylthio)-2-substituted-acetic acid of the formula (III) ##STR2## wherein A and R.sup.3 are as defined hereinafter, and reacting the resulting 2-(arylthio or alkylthio)-2-substituted-acetic acid of the formula (III) with an alkylating agent represented by the formula (II)RZ (II)wherein R and Z are as defined hereinafter, in the presence of at least 2 mols of a base per mol of the 2-(arylthio or alkylthio)-2-substituted-acetic acid, to form the compound of the formula (I) wherein R.sup.

Abstract: 5-Cyano-1-hydrocarbylpyrrole-2-acetic acid is converted to 5-acyl-1-hydrocarbylpyrrole-2-acetic acid by reaction with a Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis. The cyano compound, novel per se, is produced by reacting 1-hydrocarbyl-2-(2',2',2'-trihalo-1'-hydroxyethyl)pyrrole with a cyanating reagent under basic conditions. The latter pyrrole is in turn formed by reacting 1-hydrocarbylpyrrole with trihaloacetaldehyde such as chloral, preferably in the presence of added organic acid catalyst.

Abstract: 4-Oxy-6-alkenyl-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one compounds represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxy group, R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group, R.sup.2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;4-oxycyclopentanone compounds represented by the formula (II) ##STR2## wherein R, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined above, R.sup.4 represents a hydroxymethyl group, a methylene group (.dbd.CH.sub.2) or a --COOR.sup.1 group wherein R.sup.1 is as defined above, and R.sup.5 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group, useful as prostaglandin precursors; and processes for preparing the same.

Abstract: Bicyclolactone compounds represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;.gamma.-lactone sulfide or sulfoxide compounds represented by the formula (II) ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined above, R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom or a --COOR.sup.1 group wherein R.sup.1 is as defined above, R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a --CH.sub.2 --Y--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --COOR.sup.6 group wherein Y represents a --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- group or a --CH.dbd.CH-- group, R.sup.6 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and n is an integer of 0 to 6, R.sup.7 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group and m is 0 or 1, useful as precursors for prostaglandin analogues; and process for preparing the same.

Abstract: 2-Nitroethylcyclopentane compounds represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X represents a ##STR2## R and R.sup.1 each represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxy group, R.sup.2 represents an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group havng 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which are useful as intermediates for the synthesis of prostaglandin compounds, and a process for preparing the 2-nitroethylcyclopentane compounds of the formula (I).

Abstract: 6-Alkenyl-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanone compounds represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group, and R.sup.2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms;Cyclopentanone compounds represented by the formula (II) ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2 is as defined above, R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a --COOR.sup.1 group wherein R.sup.1 is as defined above, R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom or a --CH.sub.2 --Y--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --COOR.sup.6 wherein Y represents a --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- group or a --CH.dbd.CH-- group, R.sup.6 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 0 to 6, R.sup.5 represents a --S--R.sup.7 group or a --SO--R.sup.7 group wherein R.sup.7 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group, with the proviso that R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for producing 3-cyanomethyl cyclopentanone derivatives which are useful precursors of fragrant components in jasmine and analogous thereof such as methyl jasmonoate, methyl dihydrojasmonate, etc., is disclosed. In the process, the jasmonoates are produced starting from .beta.-dicarbonyl compounds and azides through several-step reactions.

Abstract: A novel process for producing allyl alcohol derivatives having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; and R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group which can have an inert substituent; and X represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy, an alkoxy, a tetrahydropyranyloxy or a silyloxy group; which are useful intermediates for the syntheses of prostaglandins and analogous compounds is disclosed. In the process, the allyl alcohol derivatives are produced starting from .beta.-keto-esters and azides through a series of reactions.

Abstract: A novel process for producing 3-formylcyclopentanone derivatives which are useful intermediates for syntheses of five-membered ring compounds such as prostaglandins is disclosed. In the process, 3-formylcyclopentanone derivatives are produced starting from .beta.-dicarbonyl compounds and azides through several-step reactions.

Abstract: A new process for preparing 1,2-disubstituted-trans-olefins selectively by reacting specific 2-alkenyl phosphonic acid derivatives with metal hydrides, and a new process for producing the specific 2-alkenylphosphonic acid derivatives. The 1,2-disubstituted-trans-olefins are useful as precursors for synthesis of insect pheromones.