Abstract: The present invention provides a separation membrane that is suitable for separating an acid gas from a gas mixture containing the acid gas and has a high acid gas permeability. A separation membrane (10) of the present invention includes: a separation functional layer (1); a porous support member (3) supporting the separation functional layer (1); and an intermediate layer (2) disposed between the separation functional layer (1) and the porous support member (3), and including a matrix (4) and nanoparticles (5) dispersed in the matrix (4).

Abstract: Aspects of the invention include systems and methods configured to extract enriched target-oriented common sense from grounded graphs to support efficient next step decision making of an autonomous agent. A non-limiting example computer-implemented method includes extracting common sense from a source. The extracted common sense can include a first knowledge graph. An environment state can be extracted from an observation. The extracted environment state can include a second knowledge graph. The second knowledge graph can include an interactive object and a state of the interactive object. A difference graph including the extracted common sense and the extracted environment state can be generated. A next action is selected based on the difference graph and the next action is taken by an autonomous agent.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention disclose a method for a distance-based vector classification in anomaly detection. The method includes one or more processors identifying one or more audio communications from a first user to a second user, wherein the one or more audio communications is transmitted utilizing a first computing device. The method further includes determining an objective of the first user based at least in part on the audio communication of the first user. The method further includes determining a set of conditions corresponding to the one or more audio communications and the objective, wherein the set of conditions indicate a vulnerability of personal data of the first user. The method further includes prohibiting the first computing device from transmitting audio data that includes the personal data of the first user.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for reinforcement learning with Logical Neural Networks (LNNs) is provided including receiving a plurality of observation text sentences from a target environment, extracting one or more propositional logic values from the plurality of observation text sentences, finding a class for each propositional logic value by using external knowledge, converting each propositional logic value into a first-order logic by replacing a part in the propositional logic value with a variable word, the part indicating the class, selecting a LNN based on the class among LNNs prepared in advance for each class, each LNN receiving the one or more propositional logic values as a status input and outputting an action with a score indicating a degree of preference for taking the action, and performing a highest score action to the target environment to obtain a next state of the target environment and a reward for the highest score action.

Abstract: In an approach, a processor trains a model, via a reinforcement learning process, to produce a first action function for relating states of a natural language based response environment to actions applicable to the natural language based response environment.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method is provided for learning an action policy. The method includes obtaining, by a processor, environment dynamics including triplets of a state, an action, and a next state. The state in each of the triplets is an expert state. The method further includes training, by the processor using the environment dynamics as training data, a dynamics model which obtains a pair of the state and the action as an input and outputs, for each next state, state-transition probabilities. The method also includes learning, by the processor, the action policy using trajectories of expert states according to a supervised learning technique by back-propagating error gradients through the trained dynamics model.

Abstract: Next state prediction technology that performs the following computer based operations: receiving state information that includes information indicative of a current state of an environment; processing the state information to predict a future state of the environment, with the processing being performed by a hybrid computer system that includes both of the following: (i) neural network software module(s) that include machine learning functionality, and (ii) symbolic rule based software modules; and using the prediction of the next state of the environment as an input with respect to taking a further action (for example, activating a hardware device or effecting a communication to a human or another device).

Abstract: A computer-implemented method is provided for learning multimodal feature matching. The method includes training an image encoder to obtain encoded images. The method further includes training a common classifier on the encoded images by using labeled images. The method also includes training a text encoder while keeping the common classifier in a fixed configuration by using learned text embeddings and corresponding labels for the learned text embeddings. The text encoder is further trained to match a distance of predicted text embeddings which is encoded by the text encoder to a fitted Gaussian distribution on the encoded images.

Abstract: A method for action pruning in Reinforcement Learning receives a current state of an environment. The method evaluates, using a Logical Neural Network (LNN) structure, a logical inference based on the current state. The method outputs upper and lower bounds on each action from a set of possible actions of an agent in the environment, responsive to an evaluation of the logical inference. The method calculates, for each pair of a possible action of the agent in the environment and the current state, a probability by using the upper and lower bounds. Each of calculated probabilities indicates a respective priority ratio for the each action. The method obtains a policy in Reinforcement Learning for the current state by using the calculated probabilities. The method prunes one or more actions from the set of actions as being in violation of the policy such that the one or more actions are ignored.

Abstract: A method for safe reinforcement learning receives an action and a current state of an environment. The method evaluates, using a Logical Neural Network (LNN) structure, an action safetyness logical inference based on the current state of an environment and a current action candidate from an agent. The method outputs upper and lower bounds on the action, responsive to an evaluation of the action safetyness logical inference. The method calculates a contradiction value for the action by using the upper and lower bounds. The contradiction value indicates a level of contradiction for each of a plurality of logic rules implemented by the LNN structure. The method evaluates the action L with respect to safetyness based on the contradiction value. The method selectively performs the action responsive to an evaluation of the action indicating that the action is safe to perform based on the contradiction value exceeding a safetyness threshold.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention disclose a method for a distance-based vector classification in anomaly detection. The method includes one or more processors identifying one or more audio communications from a first user to a second user, wherein the one or more audio communications is transmitted utilizing a first computing device. The method further includes determining an objective of the first user based at least in part on the audio communication of the first user. The method further includes determining a set of conditions corresponding to the one or more audio communications and the objective, wherein the set of conditions indicate a vulnerability of personal data of the first user. The method further includes prohibiting the first computing device from transmitting audio data that includes the personal data of the first user.

Abstract: A computer identifies, within a task description, words that correspond to semantic element labels for the task. The computer receives, from a task source operatively connected with the computer, a textual description of a task. The computer receives semantic element labels, element identification rules, and at least one reference sentence showing natural language semantic element label use. The computer parses the description to generate words for the semantic element label to generate, a Rule Match Values based on the element identification rules for the parsed words. The computer collects words having RMVs above a threshold into sets of associated of candidate words and generates, using a neural network trained on the reference sentence, Match Likelihood Values (MLVs) indicating whether the candidate words represent a semantic element label with which the candidate word is associated. The computer selects to represent the semantic element, the associated candidate word having a highest MLV.

Abstract: In an approach for propagating labels of objects in an image, a processor receives the image. A processor performs a normalization of the image. A processor runs the image through a pre-trained object detector. A processor receives a set of detected objects from the pre-trained object detector. A processor determines a width dimension and a height dimension of a bounding box for each detected object of the set of detected objects. A processor propagates a label for each instance of each detected object in the image with the respective bounding box using prior geometric knowledge of bounding box placement. A processor inverses the normalization of the labeled image. A processor outputs the labeled image.

Abstract: In an approach, a processor trains a model, via a reinforcement learning process, to produce a first action function for relating states of a natural language based response environment to actions applicable to the natural language based response environment.

Abstract: Edge-Loss-based image construction is enabled by a method including generating a reconstructed image from a first edge image with a generator, extracting a second edge image from the reconstructed image with an edge extractor, smoothing the first edge image and the second edge image, discriminating between the reconstructed image and an original image corresponding to the first edge image with a discriminator to obtain an adversarial loss, and training the generator by using an edge loss and the adversarial loss, the edge loss being calculated from the smoothed first edge image and the smoothed second edge image.

Abstract: The apparatus includes an image data obtainer, a candidate region extractor, a candidate line extractor, an overlap degree determiner, and a clip image region extractor. The candidate region extractor extracts, as a candidate region, a region containing an object detectable from the image data. The candidate line extractor extracts, as a candidate line, a line that is at least either a line segment or an arc included in the image data. The overlap degree determiner determines whether the degree of overlap between a closed line forming the outline of the candidate region extracted and the candidate line extracted is greater than or equal to a preset predetermined first percentage value. If the overlap degree determiner determines that the degree of overlap is greater than or equal to the first percentage value, the clip image region extractor 19 extracts the candidate region as a clip image.

Abstract: Edge-Loss-based image construction is enabled by a method including generating a reconstructed image from a first edge image with a generator, extracting a second edge image from the reconstructed image with an edge extractor, smoothing the first edge image and the second edge image, discriminating between the reconstructed image and an original image corresponding to the first edge image with a discriminator to obtain an adversarial loss, and training the generator by using an edge loss and the adversarial loss, the edge loss being calculated from the smoothed first edge image and the smoothed second edge image.

Abstract: In an approach for propagating labels of objects in an image, a processor receives the image. A processor performs a normalization of the image. A processor runs the image through a pre-trained object detector. A processor receives a set of detected objects from the pre-trained object detector. A processor determines a width dimension and a height dimension of a bounding box for each detected object of the set of detected objects. A processor propagates a label for each instance of each detected object in the image with the respective bounding box using prior geometric knowledge of bounding box placement. A processor inverses the normalization of the labeled image. A processor outputs the labeled image.

Abstract: Anomalies are detected by generating a reconstructed dataset from an original dataset by using a generative model, calculating a differential dataset between the original dataset and the reconstructed dataset as a differential dataset, determining at least one of a region of interest of the original dataset and a region of interest of the reconstructed dataset, weighting the differential dataset by using the determined region of interest, and detecting an anomaly by using the weighted differential dataset.

Abstract: The apparatus includes an image data obtainer, a candidate region extractor, a candidate line extractor, an overlap degree determiner, and a clip image region extractor. The candidate region extractor extracts, as a candidate region, a region containing an object detectable from the image data. The candidate line extractor extracts, as a candidate line, a line that is at least either a line segment or an arc included in the image data. The overlap degree determiner determines whether the degree of overlap between a closed line forming the outline of the candidate region extracted and the candidate line extracted is greater than or equal to a preset predetermined first percentage value. If the overlap degree determiner determines that the degree of overlap is greater than or equal to the first percentage value, the clip image region extractor 19 extracts the candidate region as a clip image.