Abstract: An electronic device includes a supply refrigerant pipe that is connected to an opening end. The supply refrigerant pipe has a connection opening end that is directly connected to the opening end, a refrigerant pipe-side reduced diameter flow path in which flow path area decreases with increasing distance from the connection opening end, and a small diameter flow path connected to an end portion of the refrigerant pipe-side reduced diameter flow path on a side opposite to the connection opening end A main body case has, as parts of the refrigerant flow path, a case-side reduced diameter flow path in which flow path area decreases with increasing distance from the opening end, and a flat flow path formed in a shape flatter than the small diameter flow path and connected to an end portion of the case-side reduced diameter flow path on a side opposite to the opening end.

Abstract: A working machine includes: a first fluid passage fluidly connecting a traveling operation device to an actuation valve; a first traveling fluid passage; a second traveling fluid passage; a third traveling fluid passage; a fourth traveling fluid passage; a second fluid passage fluidly connecting the first fluid passage to the first traveling fluid passage; and a third fluid passage fluidly connecting the first fluid passage to the third traveling fluid passage. Each of the first, second, third, and fourth traveling fluid passages is configured so that operation fluid to be applied to a first, second, third, and fourth pressure-receiving portions flows through the first, second, third, and fourth traveling fluid passages, respectively, when a traveling operation member is operated.

Abstract: In a fastening method and fastening apparatus, workpieces are fastened using a fastener made of a thermoplastic polymer comprising carbon fibers. The method and apparatus involve induction heating of the carbon fibers to soften the thermoplastic polymer and then plastically deforming axial ends of the fastener using a die or dies to form first and second heads while a shaft body or a shaft part of the thermoplastic polymer comprising the carbon fibers is inserted through respective through holes formed in the workpieces.

Abstract: In a fastening method and fastening apparatus, workpieces are fastened using a fastener made of a thermoplastic polymer comprising carbon fibers. The method and apparatus involve induction heating of the carbon fibers to soften the thermoplastic polymer and then plastically deforming axial ends of the fastener using a die or dies to form first and second heads while a shaft body or a shaft part of the thermoplastic polymer comprising the carbon fibers is inserted through respective through holes formed in the workpieces.