Abstract: The present invention relates to a micropattern retardation element requiring no stretch processing and no extremely high positioning accuracy in cutting films, and the like, and having the retardation region controlled in width of a micron unit, and a producing method therefore. Said micropattern retardation element can be obtained by forming a liquid crystalline or non liquid crystalline polymer thin film layer having photoactive groups, on a substrate, and then, after orientation treatment in a micropattern form, forming a birefringence layer so as to contact with said polymer thin film layer, so that birefringence molecules of said birefringence layer are oriented according to orientation of photoactive groups in said thin film. Said retardation element is used in a three-dimensional display, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a micropattern retardation element requiring no stretch processing and no extremely high positioning accuracy in cutting films, and the like, and having the retardation region controlled in width of a micron unit, and a producing method therefore. Said micropattern retardation element can be obtained by forming a liquid crystalline or non liquid crystalline polymer thin film layer having photoactive groups, on a substrate, and then, after orientation treatment in a micropattern form, forming a birefringence layer so as to contact with said polymer thin film layer, so that birefringence molecules of said birefringence layer are oriented according to orientation of photoactive groups in said thin film. Said retardation element is used in a three-dimensional display, and the like.

Abstract: A polarized element formed by arranging a dichroic molecule in a micropattern form on a thin film layer of a liquid crystalline resin having a photoactive group irradiated by a linearly polarized light. The micropattern polarized element can be produced without need of a very high position-matching precision as sticking.

Abstract: A photoinitiator is represented by general formula (I): ##STR1## where n is an integer of 1 or greater; A and B are each a trans cyclohexane ring or a benzene ring, the benzene ring being allowed to include a fluorine atom or a methyl group as a substituent, the benzene ring adjacent to a carbonyl group being allowed to include a fluorine atom or a methyl group as a substituent; p and q are each 0 or 1, p and q are not simultaneously 0; X is an alkyl group of C.sub.1 through C.sub.3 or hydrogen atom, Y is a methyl group, ethyl group or alkoxy group of C.sub.1 through C.sub.3, and Z is a methyl group, ethyl group, alkyl-substituted phenyl group or a group represented by general formula (II), Y and Z being allowed to bonded together to form a ring: ##STR2## where A, B, n, p and q are identical with those in general formula (I).

Abstract: A photopolymerizable resin material composition for forming a polymer used for a liquid crystal display apparatus includes at least one acrylate compound selected from the group consisting of a bifunctional acrylate compound having a fluorine substitution ratio .alpha. in the range of 0.1<.alpha.<0.8, a bifunctional acrylate compound having a fluorine substitution ratio .alpha. in the range of 0.ltoreq..alpha.<0.8, a bifunctional acrylate compound having a fluorine substitution ratio .alpha. in the range of 0.1<.alpha.<0.8, a bifunctional acrylate compound having a fluorine substitution ratio .alpha. in the range of 0.1<.alpha.<0.8 and a bifunctional acrylate compound having a fluorine substitution ratio .alpha. in the range of 0.1<.alpha.<0.8 and a bifunctional acrylate compound having a fluorine substitution ratio .alpha. in the range of 0.1<.alpha.<0.8, and a photopolymerization delaying resin material.

Abstract: The electroluminescent element of the present invention comprises a fluorescent substance layer containing a courmarinic or azacoumarinic derivative and a hole transport layer, both made of organic compounds and laminated on top of the other. The both layers are interposed between cathode and anode electrodes. It emits light efficiently at a high luminance upon application of a low voltage between the electrodes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electroluminescent element which is constructed such that a fluorescent substance layer and a hole transport layer, both made of organic compounds and laminated on top of the other, are interposed between a cathode and an anode. The fluorescent substance layer is a thin film containing a bisstyryl derivative. It emits blue light efficiently at a high luminance upon application of a low voltage.

Abstract: A 2-acylamino-5-halogenated-cinnamic acid derivative represented by the formula (III) which is useful as an intermediate for producing medicines and agricultural chemicals: ##STR1## wherein Ac represents a lower acyl group, R represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and X.sub.1 represents a halogen atom. This derivative is obtained by reacting a compound represented by the formula (I), ##STR2## wherein Ac and X.sub.1 are as defined above, and X.sub.2 represents a bromine or iodine atom, with acrylic acid or its ester represented by the formula (II),CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHCOOR (II)where R is as defined above, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, a tri(unsubstituted- or substituted-phenyl)phosphine and an acid-binding agent.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds which are valuable as a fluorescent brightener and a novel process for producing the same.The present invention is based on the following discoveries made by the inventors:In the presence of a palladium catalyst and a base at an elevated temperature, 1 mole of a compound of the formula,X--A--X (1)is reacted with 2 moles, in total, of one or two kinds of compounds selected from the group consisting of a styrene derivative having the formula, ##SPC1##And, thereby a compound of the formula, ##SPC2##Is obtained at a high yield, wherein, in the formula (1), X represents iodine or bromine, and A represents a bivalent radical selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formula, ##SPC3##And wherein, in the formula (2), R.sub.1 represents a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, lower alkyl, methoxy, ethoxy, sulfonic acid radical or the salts thereof, sulfonamide radical, and lower-alkyl-substituted sulfonamide radical, and R.sub.