Abstract: A diode (11) is provided on a substrate (1) and thermally insulated from the substrate (1). A positive feedback circuit (18) provides a positive feedback loop so that when a current of the diode (11) decreases due to a change in temperature of the diode (11), the positive feedback circuit (18) further decreases the current of the diode (11), and when the current of the diode (11) increases, the positive feedback circuit (18) further increases the current of the diode (11).

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a nonvolatile memory includes a memory chip and a command processing unit. The command processing unit stores data read from a first position of the memory chip in a memory when a first command for compaction is received from a controller, transmits validity determination information used for determining whether or not the data read from the first position is valid to the controller, and writes valid data of the data stored in the memory to a second position of the memory chip when a second command for the compaction and validity identification information that identifies the valid data are received from the controller.

Abstract: A biological material measuring apparatus includes an infrared light source unit to radiate infrared light in entirety or part of a wavelength region including absorption wavelengths of a biological material, a prism to cause the infrared light radiated from the infrared light source unit to pass therethrough and emit the infrared light to a living body surface while being in contact with the living body surface, a light source to radiate light of a wavelength in a visible light region or a near infrared region to the prism, and a light position detector to detect a path of light from the light source by detecting light from the light source which is emitted from the prism.

Abstract: An infrared sensor includes a first semiconductor substrate, a second semiconductor substrate, a sealing frame, and a first connection. The first semiconductor substrate includes a first main surface and an infrared detection element. The second semiconductor substrate includes a second main surface and a signal processing circuit. The sealing frame surrounds an internal space with the first main surface, the infrared detection element, and the second main surface. The first connection electrically connects the infrared detection element and the signal processing circuit. The internal space is hermetically sealed by the first main surface, the infrared detection element, the second main surface, and the sealing frame. Each of the sealing frame and the first connection is sandwiched between the first main surface and the second main surface.

Abstract: A diode (11) is provided on a substrate (1) and thermally insulated from the substrate (1). A positive feedback circuit (18) provides a positive feedback loop so that when a current of the diode (11) decreases due to a change in temperature of the diode (11), the positive feedback circuit (18) further decreases the current of the diode (11), and when the current of the diode (11) increases, the positive feedback circuit (18) further increases the current of the diode (11).

Abstract: This electromagnetic wave detector is provided with light reception graphene and reference graphene that are aligned on an insulating layer, first electrodes and second electrodes that are disposed so as to oppose each other and sandwich the light reception graphene and reference graphene, a gate electrode for applying a gate voltage to the light reception graphene and reference graphene, and a balanced circuit and detection circuit that are connected between the second electrodes. If electromagnetic waves are incident on the light reception graphene, photocarriers will be generated through in-band transition. If electromagnetic waves are incident on the reference graphene, photocarriers will not be generated because of the Pauli blocking effect. In a state where no electromagnetic waves are incident on the light reception graphene or reference graphene, the balanced circuit causes the first electrodes and second electrodes to have the same potential.

Abstract: A controller corrects a spectrum S (?) detected at a wavelength ? of signal light to S? (?) in accordance with expressions below: I(?)=(I2?I1)×(???1)/(?2??1)?I1, and S?(?)=S(?)?I(?), where I1 is the intensity of infrared light detected at a wavelength ?1 of reference light and I2 is the intensity of infrared light detected at a wavelength ?2 of correction light.

Abstract: This electromagnetic wave detector that detects electromagnetic waves by performing photoelectric conversion includes: a substrate; an insulating layer that is provided on the substrate; a graphene layer that is provided on the insulating layer; a pair of electrodes, which are provided on the insulating layer, and which are connected to both ends of the graphene layer, respectively; and a contact layer that is provided such that the contact layer is in contact with the graphene layer. The contact layer is formed of a material having a polar group, and a charge is formed in the graphene layer by having the contact layer in contact with the graphene layer.

Abstract: An infrared light source radiates infrared light. An ATR prism receives, on a first end face, the infrared light radiated from the infrared light source, causes the received infrared light to pass therethrough while repeating total reflection off a second end face and a third end face, and emits the infrared light that has passed therethrough from the third end face. An infrared photodetector detects the intensity of the infrared light emitted from the ATR prism. Strain sensors, which are contact sensors of one type, are attached to the ATR prism and configured to detect a contact state between the ATR prism and a measurement skin.

Abstract: An infrared light source radiates, to an ATR prism, infrared light in entirety or part of a wavelength range with absorption wavelengths of a biological material. The ATR prism is adherable to a measurement skin. A prism vibration controller is mounted on the ATR prism and vibrates the ATR prism perpendicular to a contact surface between the ATR prism and the measurement skin. A controller causes an infrared photodetector to detect infrared light in synchronization with the vibration of the ATR prism.

Abstract: A thermal infrared imaging element includes: a pixel array unit (100) that includes a plurality of temperature detection pixels (3) each of which includes a diode (1) and generates an electric signal in accordance with infrared rays received from an outside, the temperature detection pixels being arrayed in a two-dimensional fashion in a row and column directions; a plurality of drive lines (12) that are provided in rows and that commonly connect one ends of the temperature detection pixels (3) in units of the rows; a plurality of signal lines (13) that are provided in columns and that commonly connect the other ends of the temperature detection pixels (3) in units of the columns; a vertical scanning circuit (4) that sequentially selects the drive lines; a signal line selection circuit (6) that sequentially selects the signal lines; and one or more read circuits (7) that amplify an electric signal from a temperature detection pixel connected to both one of the drive lines which is selected by the vertical sca

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave detector comprises: p-type and n-type graphenes arranged side by side on an insulating layer; a first electrode and a second electrode opposing each other via the graphenes; a gate electrode for applying an operation voltage to the p-type and n-type graphenes; a balance circuit connected between two second electrodes; and a detection circuit. The p-type graphene has a Dirac point voltage higher than the operation voltage. The n-type graphene has a Dirac point voltage lower than the operation voltage. In a state in which no electromagnetic wave is incident on the graphenes, the balance circuit places the first electrode and the second electrode at the same potential. In a state in which an electromagnetic wave is incident on the p-type and n-type graphenes, the detection circuit detects an electric signal between the second electrodes, and outputs an electric signal in the state in which the electromagnetic wave is incident.

Abstract: A biological material measuring apparatus includes an infrared light source unit to radiate infrared light in entirety or part of a wavelength region including absorption wavelengths of a biological material, a prism to cause the infrared light radiated from the infrared light source unit to pass therethrough and emit the infrared light to a living body surface while being in contact with the living body surface, a light source to radiate light of a wavelength in a visible light region or a near infrared region to the prism, and a light position detector to detect a path of light from the light source by detecting light from the light source which is emitted from the prism.

Abstract: An infrared sensor substrate includes: column signal lines; row signal lines; a pixel array of pixels including infrared detector elements connected to the column signal lines and the row signal lines. The infrared sensor substrate includes: a current source connected to the infrared detector elements via the column signal lines; a voltage source that applies a voltage to the infrared detector elements via the row signal lines; output terminals connected to the column signal lines, the output terminals being connectable to a signal processing circuit substrate that processes output signals of the infrared detector elements. The infrared sensor substrate includes a monitoring terminal capable of monitoring the voltage applied to the infrared detector elements by the first voltage source.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave detector, which photoelectrically converts and detects an electromagnetic wave incident on a graphene layer, including: a substrate having a front surface and a back surface; a lower insulating layer provided on the front surface of the substrate; a ferroelectric layer and a pair of electrodes provided on the lower insulating layer, the pair of electrodes arranged to face each other with the ferroelectric layer sandwiched therebetween; an upper insulating layer provided on the ferroelectric layer; and a graphene layer arranged on the lower insulating layer and the upper insulating layer to connect the two electrodes. Alternatively, the electromagnetic wave detector includes: a graphene layer provided on the lower insulating layer; and a ferroelectric layer provided on the graphene layer with an upper insulating layer interposed therebetween and a pair of electrodes provided on the graphene layer to face each other with the ferroelectric layer sandwiched therebetween.

Abstract: This electromagnetic wave detector is provided with light reception graphene and reference graphene that are aligned on an insulating layer, first electrodes and second electrodes that are disposed so as to oppose each other and sandwich the light reception graphene and reference graphene, a gate electrode for applying a gate voltage to the light reception graphene and reference graphene, and a balanced circuit and detection circuit that are connected between the second electrodes. If electromagnetic waves are incident on the light reception graphene, photocarriers will be generated through in-band transition. If electromagnetic waves are incident on the reference graphene, photocarriers will not be generated because of the Pauli blocking effect. In a state where no electromagnetic waves are incident on the light reception graphene or reference graphene, the balanced circuit causes the first electrodes and second electrodes to have the same potential.

Abstract: An infrared light source radiates infrared light. An ATR prism receives, on a first end face, the infrared light radiated from the infrared light source, causes the received infrared light to pass therethrough while repeating total reflection off a second end face and a third end face, and emits the infrared light that has passed therethrough from the third end face. An infrared photodetector detects the intensity of the infrared light emitted from the ATR prism. Strain sensors, which are contact sensors of one type, are attached to the ATR prism and configured to detect a contact state between the ATR prism and a measurement skin.

Abstract: An infrared light source radiates, to an ATR prism, infrared light in entirety or part of a wavelength range with absorption wavelengths of a biological material. The ATR prism is adherable to a measurement skin. A prism vibration controller is mounted on the ATR prism and vibrates the ATR prism perpendicular to a contact surface between the ATR prism and the measurement skin. A controller causes an infrared photodetector to detect infrared light in synchronization with the vibration of the ATR prism.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave detector, which photoelectrically converts and detects an electromagnetic wave incident on a graphene layer, including: a substrate having a front surface and a back surface; a lower insulating layer provided on the front surface of the substrate; a ferroelectric layer and a pair of electrodes provided on the lower insulating layer, the pair of electrodes arranged to face each other with the ferroelectric layer sandwiched therebetween; an upper insulating layer provided on the ferroelectric layer; and a graphene layer arranged on the lower insulating layer and the upper insulating layer to connect the two electrodes. Alternatively, the electromagnetic wave detector includes: a graphene layer provided on the lower insulating layer; and a ferroelectric layer provided on the graphene layer with an upper insulating layer interposed therebetween and a pair of electrodes provided on the graphene layer to face each other with the ferroelectric layer sandwiched therebetween.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave detector comprises: p-type and n-type graphenes arranged side by side on an insulating layer; a first electrode and a second electrode opposing each other via the graphenes; a gate electrode for applying an operation voltage to the p-type and n-type graphenes; a balance circuit connected between two second electrodes; and a detection circuit. The p-type graphene has a Dirac point voltage higher than the operation voltage. The n-type graphene has a Dirac point voltage lower than the operation voltage. In a state in which no electromagnetic wave is incident on the graphenes, the balance circuit places the first electrode and the second electrode at the same potential. In a state in which an electromagnetic wave is incident on the p-type and n-type graphenes, the detection circuit detects an electric signal between the second electrodes, and outputs an electric signal in the state in which the electromagnetic wave is incident.