Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal material sandwiched between the pair of substrates, a shield area disposed on the outer periphery of a display area, and an outer edge sealing member disposed on the further outer periphery than the shield area and formed except for the liquid crystal inlet. Particularly, in this liquid crystal display device, a shield pattern comprising a resin of a predetermined thickness and a color filter thinner than the predetermined thickness coexist with each other on a plane in the shield area in the vicinity of the inlet.

Abstract: A disk control apparatus formats each track of a storage disk device in a short time. The disk control apparatus (1) has a cache memory (14) which stores a part of data, a management table (20) which indicates whether a track of the storage disk device (2) has been initialized to a predetermined track format, and control units (10, 12) which create the track format referring to the management table (20) when an input/output request is received from the host (3). The factory shipment format flag of this management table is set to “1” when factory formatting is executed, and the table is transferred to the disk. By this method, high-speed factory formatting is possible.

Abstract: A sampling and hold circuit that can suppress voltage variation at the input terminals, which are virtual grounds, of a differential amplifier, depending on the frequency of input signals. During sampling operation, a serial circuit composed of a capacitor C1, to which a positive-side input voltage ViP is applied, and an NMOS transistor Q4, which is always turned on, is connected to an input terminal INP of a differential amplifier circuit 2. A serial circuit having the same impedance as that serial circuit and composed of a capacitor C3, to which a negative-side input voltage ViM is applied, and an NMOS transistor Q9 is also connected to the input terminal INP. A serial circuit composed of a capacitor C2, to which a negative-side input voltage ViM is applied, and an NMOS transistor Q5, which is always turned on, is connected to the other input terminal INM of a differential amplifier circuit 2.

Abstract: A pseudo-differential amplifier circuit 1 is constructed from two equivalent amplifiers 2 and 3 that amplify a pair of input signals without using a differential pair. This pseudo-differential amplifier circuit 1 is used in an arithmetic unit in each of the A-D converter circuits AD1 through ADm in a parallel pipeline A-D converter 10.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal material sandwiched between the pair of substrates, a shield area disposed on the outer periphery of a display area, and an outer edge sealing member disposed on the further outer periphery than the shield area and formed except for the liquid crystal inlet. Particularly, in this liquid crystal display device, a shield pattern comprising a resin of a predetermined thickness and a color filter thinner than the predetermined thickness coexist with each other on a plane in the shield area in the vicinity of the inlet.

Abstract: A improved liquid crystal display device including two substrates each having transparent electrode thereon disposed in parallel while keeping a predetermined gap by means of pillar-shaped spacers and a liquid crystal held between said first and second substrates is proposed. In the liquid crystal display device, density or volume of the number of the pillar-shaped spacers provided in the off-display area is higher than those of a density of the number of said pillar-shaped spacers provided in the display area. This change is made continuously or stepwise along areas. The spacers are preferably disposed so that a contact area between the spacer and a rubbing cloth during the rubbing process is minimized, or so that an orientation defective area caused starting from the spacer does not extend into the pixel area, or so that a plurality of spacers are disposed along a flow of liquid crystal from filling port into the gap between the first and second substrate.

Abstract: A improved liquid crystal display device including two substrates each having transparent electrode thereon disposed in parallel while keeping a predetermined gap by means of pillar-shaped spacers and a liquid crystal held between said first and second substrates is proposed. In the liquid crystal display device, density or volume of the number of the pillar-shaped spacers provided in the off-display area is higher than those of a density of the number of said pillar-shaped spacers provided in the display area. This change is made continuously or stepwise along areas. The spacers are preferably disposed so that a contact area between the spacer and a rubbing cloth during the rubbing process is minimized, or so that an orientation defective area caused starting from the spacer does not extend into the pixel area, or so that a plurality of spacers are disposed along a flow of liquid crystal from filling port into the gap between the first and second substrate.

Abstract: The color filter substrate used for the liquid crystal display device comprises a substrate portion, a color filter portion composed of colored layers of plural colors disposed on the substrate portion, a first spacer portion such that colored layers of at least two different colors of the colored layers of the plural colors are stacked on the substrate portion and one colored layer of the stacked colored layers and the colored layer of the same color as that of the one colored layer of the color filter portion are continuous with each other, and a second spacer portion such that the colored layers of at least two different colors of the colored layers of the plural colors are stacked on the substrate portion and all of the stacked colored layers are discontinuous with respect to any one of the colored layers constituting the color filter portion.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element includes a pillar-shaped spacer as a stack of a plurality of color layers, which exists on either an active matrix substrate or an opposite substrate facing to the former substrate. An impurity concentration and an impurity elution quantity of the color layer closest to a switching element among the color layers constituting the pillar-shaped spacer are made lowest among the plurality of color layers, or a bridging density of a resin is made highest among the color layers, thereby restraining an influence of the impurities upon the switching element and enhancing a display quality and a yield. Damages to contact areas when the active matrix substrate is disposed facing to the opposite substrate are reduced by making a hardness of the farthest layer from a surface of a substrate on which the pillar-shaped spacer is disposed lowest among the color layers.

Abstract: A color filter is disposed on a switching element array substrate. The color filter is composed of a plurality of kinds of color elements and an aperture. Two of the filter elements are overlapped at one end portion thereof. Each of the filter elements is covered with a pixel electrode. The pixel electrode is connected to the switching element through the aperture. This structure reduces electric coupling between the pixel electrode and the gate and signal lines. Optimum conditions among the overlapped width, and the aperture diameter and location are set to prevent the filter element from peeling off the array substrate so that the production yield can be significantly improved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device, comprising two substrates each having an alignment film, a sealing member arranged in the outer peripheries of the two substrates to permit the outer peripheries of these two substrates, which are arranged such that the alignment films of these two substrates face each other, to be bonded to each other except a liquid crystal filling port, a spacer for keeping the two substrates a predetermined distance apart from each other, a liquid crystal layer formed by filling a liquid crystal material through the liquid crystal filling port into the clearance between the two substrates, and an end-sealing material for sealing the liquid crystal filling port, wherein total amounts of an alkyl acid, phenyl carboxylic acid or a phenyl carboxylic acid derivative, phenylene dicarboxylic acid or a phenylene dicarboxylic acid derivative, an alkyl amine, aniline or an aniline derivative, phenylene diamine or a phenylene diamine derivative, phenyleneamine carboxylic acid or a phenyl

Abstract: A color filter substrate and a liquid crystal display device having high opening ratio and capable of preventing unsatisfactory display as far as possible are provided.

Abstract: A improved liquid crystal display device including two substrates each having transparent electrode thereon disposed in parallel while keeping a predetermined gap by means of pillar-shaped spacers and a liquid crystal held between said first and second substrates is proposed. In the liquid crystal display device, density or volume of the number of the pillar-shaped spacers provided in the off-display area is higher than those of a density of the number of said pillar-shaped spacers provided in the display area This change is made continuously or stepwise along areas. The spacers are preferably disposed so that a contact area between the spacer and a rubbing cloth during the rubbing process is minimized, or so that an orientation defective area caused starting from the spacer does not extend into the pixel area, or so that a plurality of spacers are disposed along a flow of liquid crystal from filling port into the gap between the first and second substrate.

Abstract: A color filter substrate has a substrate structure, spacers which include a first spacer layer and a plurality of second spacer layers. Each of the second spacer layers has a sectional plane which is substantially parallel to the substrate structure. And the sectional plane has a entire projective area of the first spacer layer therein and an elongated portion from the projective area, so that an area of effective thickness of the spacer to maintain the gap between two substrates depends on an area of a smaller of the first and second surfaces of the first spacer layer. In other words, the outline of the first spacer layer is located so as to be entirely included within the outline of these second spacer layers. If the central axis of the first spacer layer is shifted from that of the second spacer layers in the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display apparatus, misalignment between first and second spacer layers occurs.

Abstract: A spacer is constructed of a stacked colored layers constituting color filters and is disposed in such a position as to exhibit a high dielectric breakdown strength on an active matrix substrate. A display performance is enhanced because of using no plastic beads, and insulation can be maintained. When the spacer assumes an inversely tapered shape, a contact position of the spacer can be freely selected because of forming no conductive layer on side surfaces.

Abstract: A color filter substrate has a substrate structure, spacers which include a first spacer layer and a plurality of second spacer layers. Each of the second spacer layers has a sectional plane which is substantially parallel to the substrate structure. And the sectional plane has a entire projective area of the first spacer layer therein and an elongated portion from the projective area, so that an area of effective thickness of the spacer to maintain the gap between two substrates depends on an area of a smaller of the first and second surfaces of the first spacer layer. In other words, the outline of the first spacer layer is located so as to be entirely included within the outline of these second spacer layers. If the central axis of the first spacer layer is shifted from that of the second spacer layers in the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display apparatus, misalignment between first and second spacer layers occurs.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element includes a pillar-shaped spacer as a stack of a plurality of color layers, which exists on either an active matrix substrate or an opposite substrate facing to the former substrate. An impurity concentration and an impurity elution quantity of the color layer closest to a switching element among the color layers constituting the pillar-shaped spacer are made lowest among the plurality of color layers, or a bridging density of a resin is made highest among the color layers, thereby restraining an influence of the impurities upon the switching element and enhancing a display quality and a yield. Damages to contact areas when the active matrix substrate is disposed facing to the opposite substrate are reduced by making a hardness of the farthest layer from a surface of a substrate on which the pillar-shaped spacer is disposed lowest among the color layers.