Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a pressure chamber substrate that includes a plurality of pressure chambers arranged in a first direction, a vibration plate disposed on the pressure chamber substrate, a first electrode disposed on the vibration plate, a piezoelectric layer disposed on the first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the piezoelectric layer, and a seed layer positioned between the piezoelectric layer and the vibration plate and configured to control an orientation of the piezoelectric layer, in which the piezoelectric layer has a first region that does not overlap the first electrode in the first direction and a second region that overlaps the first electrode in the first direction, and a thickness of a portion of the seed layer corresponding to the second region is thicker than a thickness of a portion of the seed layer corresponding to the first region.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a pressure chamber substrate having a plurality of pressure chambers arranged in a first direction, a diaphragm disposed on the pressure chamber substrate, a first electrode disposed on the diaphragm, a piezoelectric layer disposed on the first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the piezoelectric layer, and a seed layer located between the piezoelectric layer and the diaphragm for controlling orientation of the piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric layer includes a first region not overlapping the first electrode in the first direction, and a second region overlapping the first electrode in the first direction. The seed layer includes a first seed layer disposed not in the first region but in the second region, and a second seed layer provided on the first seed layer and disposed over both the first region and the second region.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a substrate, a first electrode including an adhesion layer which is disposed on the substrate and contains titanium and a conductive layer disposed on the adhesion layer, a diffusion suppression layer which is disposed on the first electrode and is configured to suppress diffusion of the titanium, a piezoelectric layer which is disposed on the diffusion suppression layer and contains potassium, sodium, and niobium, and a second electrode disposed on the piezoelectric layer, wherein the diffusion suppression layer covers an upper surface and a side surface of the first electrode.

Abstract: An occupant protection device for protecting an occupant seated in a passenger seat of a vehicle, includes: an outer member which closes an opening provided, in front of a knee of the occupant, in an instrument panel of the vehicle; and an air bag device including an air bag configured to be deployed and inflated by supply of a gas to protect an upper body of the occupant, the air bag device is disposed in front of the outer member, the outer member is configured to move rearward away from the instrument panel and protect the knee of the occupant by receiving a pressure from the air bag that is deployed and inflated, and the air bag is deployed and inflated upward through a space between the instrument panel and the outer member that is in a state of being away from the instrument panel.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes: a first electrode provided above a substrate; a piezoelectric layer provided above the first electrode; a second electrode provided above the piezoelectric layer; and a moisture-resistant layer covering at least a part of the piezoelectric layer, and when secondary ion mass spectrometry is performed on the piezoelectric layer, a hydrogen concentration calculated based on an integrated intensity in a range of 50 nm or more and 300 nm or less from a surface of the piezoelectric layer is 1.50×1015 atom/cm2 or less.

Abstract: A vehicle beam extends in a vehicle width direction within an instrument panel of a vehicle to support the instrument panel. The vehicle beam includes a tubular duct body portion, a peripheral portion connected to the duct body portion, and a beam shell portion made of a resin material. The beam shell portion is divided into a plurality of beam divided bodies in a circumferential direction of the beam shell portion. Each of the beam divided bodies has a beam connection portion at a boundary with an adjacent beam divided body. The adjacent beam divided bodies are coupled by joining the adjacent beam connection portions. The adjacent beam connection portions have a pair of beam facing surfaces. One of the beam facing surfaces is formed with a beam welding rib extending along the beam facing surface. The adjacent beam connection portions are joined by welding at the beam welding rib.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; and a piezoelectric layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a plurality of layers containing a complex oxide having a perovskite type structure containing potassium, sodium, and niobium, in which an X-ray diffraction method is used to measure asymmetric reflection of the piezoelectric layer in a range in which sin2? is 0 or more and 0.7 or less, ? being a tilt angle, an obtained peak is separated into a high-angle-side peak and a low-angle-side peak, a lattice constant in a thickness direction of the piezoelectric layer is obtained based on the low-angle-side peak, and in a case where a plurality of the lattice constants are plotted for the range, when a plurality of plots are linearly approximated by a least squares method, a slope of an approximate straight line is 0.002 or less.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a first electrode and a second electrode and a piezoelectric layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, the piezoelectric layer including a plurality of layers containing a composite oxide having a perovskite structure containing potassium, sodium, and niobium; wherein among the plurality of layers including the composite oxide, a first layer closest to the first electrode is preferred orientation in a first orientation, which is a {100} plane orientation in a film thickness direction, among the plurality of layers including the composite oxide, a second layer closest to the second electrode is, in an in-plane direction intersecting the film thickness direction, a mix of the first orientation and a second orientation, which is a {110} plane orientation, and is not preferred orientation in either the first orientation or the second orientation.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device includes: a substrate having a plurality of recesses; a vibration plate provided on one side of the substrate; and a piezoelectric actuator including layers of first electrodes, a piezoelectric layer, and a second electrode provided in this order on the vibration plate side, and the piezoelectric actuator has a plurality of active portions including the first electrode, the second electrode, and the piezoelectric layer held between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first electrode serves as an individual electrode individually provided for each active portion, the second electrode serves as a common electrode shared by the plurality of active portions, and the second electrode includes a first end portion serving as a reference and a protruding portion protruding from an end portion of the active portion beyond the first end portion toward a coupling electrode electrically coupled to the first electrode.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device includes a diaphragm provided on a side of one surface of a substrate and a piezoelectric actuator having a first electrode, a piezoelectric body layer, and a second electrode which are stacked on a side of a surface opposite to the substrate of the diaphragm, in which the piezoelectric actuator includes an active portion in which the piezoelectric body layer is pinched between the first electrode and the second electrode, and has an uneven portion constituted with a plurality of projection portions and a recess portion formed between the projection portions on a surface of the first electrode on a side of the piezoelectric body layer at an end portion of the active portion.

Abstract: A piezoelectric substrate according to an aspect of the present disclosure comprising: a substrate including a first region and a second region; a first electrode layer formed above the substrate; a seed layer formed in the first region above the substrate; and a piezoelectric layer formed in the first region and the second region above the substrate and containing potassium, sodium, and niobium, wherein the substrate includes a plurality of centers of curvature.

Abstract: An active portion of a piezoelectric actuator includes a first region provided in a region opposed to a recess and extending in a first direction, and a second region provided in a region corresponding to a central part in the first direction of the recess, and being configured such that a laminated body including the active portion and a vibration plate has a thickness larger than a thickness of a portion corresponding to the first region and that deformation of the second region is suppressed as compared to deformation of the first region when a voltage is applied between a first electrode and a second electrode.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device includes a diaphragm provided on a side of one surface of a substrate and a piezoelectric actuator having a first electrode, a piezoelectric body layer, and a second electrode which are stacked on a side of a surface opposite to the substrate of the diaphragm, in which the piezoelectric actuator includes an active portion in which the piezoelectric body layer is pinched between the first electrode and the second electrode, and has an uneven portion constituted with a plurality of projection portions and a recess portion formed between the projection portions on a surface of the first electrode on a side of the piezoelectric body layer at an end portion of the active portion.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device includes: a substrate having a plurality of recesses; a vibration plate provided on one side of the substrate; and a piezoelectric actuator including layers of first electrodes, a piezoelectric layer, and a second electrode provided in this order on the vibration plate side, and the piezoelectric actuator has a plurality of active portions including the first electrode, the second electrode, and the piezoelectric layer held between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first electrode serves as an individual electrode individually provided for each active portion, the second electrode serves as a common electrode shared by the plurality of active portions, and the second electrode includes a first end portion serving as a reference and a protruding portion protruding from an end portion of the active portion beyond the first end portion toward a coupling electrode electrically coupled to the first electrode.

Abstract: A photoelectric converter including a crystalline silicon substrate having a light receiving surface including a smooth section and a rough surface section having surface roughness greater than the surface roughness of the smooth section and a light transmissive inorganic film so provided as to overlap with the smooth section and the rough surface section, and the film thickness t1 of a portion of the inorganic film that is the portion where the inorganic film overlaps with the rough surface section is smaller than the film thickness t2 of a portion of the inorganic film that is the portion where the inorganic film overlaps with the smooth section. The arithmetic average roughness of the rough surface section is preferably greater than or equal to 0.1 ?m.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head that, as a piezoelectric actuator is driven, displaces a vibration plate between a first position where a pressure chamber contracts to the maximum degree and a second position where the pressure chamber expands to the maximum degree and ejects droplets from a nozzle, has a configuration in which, in an abnormal displacement state where the vibration plate exceeds the second position and is displaced to a third position and the displacement amount from a fourth position that is a center between the first position and the second position to the third position is twice or more of the displacement amount from the fourth position to the second position, pressure of a holding portion that is a sealing space is 1.05 times or more of the pressure of the holding portion when the vibration plate is at the second position.

Abstract: An active portion of a piezoelectric actuator includes a first region provided in a region opposed to a recess and extending in a first direction, and a second region provided in a region corresponding to a central part in the first direction of the recess, and being configured such that a laminated body including the active portion and a vibration plate has a thickness larger than a thickness of a portion corresponding to the first region and that deformation of the second region is suppressed as compared to deformation of the first region when a voltage is applied between a first electrode and a second electrode.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrode assembly which includes a first step of forming a molded body that contains an active material, a second step of dipping the molded body in a melt of a solid electrolyte in a first atmosphere, thereby impregnating the melt into voids inside the molded body; and a third step of cooling the molded body impregnated with the melt by moving the molded body to a second atmosphere whose temperature is lower than that of the first atmosphere, thereby combining the molded body with the solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A photoelectric converter including a crystalline silicon substrate having a light receiving surface including a smooth section and a rough surface section having surface roughness greater than the surface roughness of the smooth section and a light transmissive inorganic film so provided as to overlap with the smooth section and the rough surface section, and the film thickness t1 of a portion of the inorganic film that is the portion where the inorganic film overlaps with the rough surface section is smaller than the film thickness t2 of a portion of the inorganic film that is the portion where the inorganic film overlaps with the smooth section. The arithmetic average roughness of the rough surface section is preferably greater than or equal to 0.1 ?m.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element includes a photoelectric conversion layer that has a p-type impurity region and an n-type impurity region, an insulating layer that overlaps with the p-type impurity region and the n-type impurity region and has a groove outside the p-type impurity region and the n-type impurity region in a plan view of a main surface of the photoelectric conversion layer, a p-type electrode electrically connected to the p-type impurity region, an n-type electrode electrically connected to the n-type impurity region, and a barrier layer that has a lower moisture permeability than the insulating layer, in the groove.