Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes: a toner particle containing a binder resin; and an external additive containing alumina particles having a volume average particle diameter of more than 5 nm and 80 nm or less and silica particles having a volume average particle diameter of 10 nm or more and 90 nm or less, and in the toner particle, a Net intensity NA of a total of an alkali metal element and an alkaline earth metal element, measured by fluorescence X-ray analysis, is 0.10 kcps or more and 1.30 kcps or less, and a ratio (Ws/Wa) of a content Ws of the silica particles to a content Wa of the alumina particles is more than 0.5 and less than 35.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image contains toner particles containing at least one binder resin, a release agent, and a coloring agent, and a cross-sectional image of the toner particles meets requirements (1) and (2): requirement (1), an average of ten or more domains, per toner particle, of the release agent have an area of 0.5% or more and 5.0% or less of the area of the toner particle; requirement (2), in a Voronoi tessellation generated from the centroids of the domains of the coloring agent, the mean area of the Voronoi cells is 0.020 ?m2 or more and 0.060 ?m2 or less, and the standard deviation of the areas of the Voronoi cells is 0.010 ?m2 or less.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes a toner particle, and the toner particle includes: a core particle containing a large-diameter particle having a number average particle diameter of 1 ?m or more; and a shell layer that includes at least two resin layers each containing an amorphous resin and covers a surface of the core particles, and an outermost layer of the at least two resin layers is a resin layer being made of the amorphous resin.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developing toner includes toner particles containing a binder resin. In a differential scanning calorimetry curve of the toner particles, Tg1 is 58° C. or more and 68° C. or less, and Tg1?Tg2 is 20° C. or more and 40° C. or less, where Tg1 is a lowest onset temperature in an endothermic change during a first temperature increase, and Tg2 is a lowest onset temperature in an endothermic change during a second temperature increase.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes: a toner particle containing a binder resin; and an external additive including a silica particle having a circularity of more than 0.5 and. 0.9 or less and a volume average particle diameter of more than 100 nm and 300 nm or less, in which a total Net intensity NA of an alkali metal element and an alkaline earth metal element in the toner particle measured by fluorescence X-ray analysis is 0.10 kcps or more and 1.20 kcps or less.

Abstract: The first capacitor is opposed to and electrically connected to the first back electrode. The second capacitor is opposed to and electrically connected to the second back electrode. Each of the first circuit and the second circuit has a main region that overlaps with a corresponding one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor. At least one circuit of the first circuit and the second circuit has an extension region extending from the main region toward another circuit of the first circuit and the second circuit. At least one of one of the pair of first wires and the second wire is bonded to the extension region.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a reception unit that receives a print job which includes print data and which specifies back printing to be performed on a transparent recording medium, a generation unit that generates a display image to be printed on a front surface of the transparent recording medium and a display image to be printed on a back surface on the transparent recording medium on the basis of the print data included in the print job, and a display unit that displays the display image to be printed on the front surface and the display image to be printed on the back surface generated by the generation unit.

Abstract: An optical module includes: an optical sub-assembly; and a flexible substrate including an insulating film, an interconnection pattern, and a spacer layer, the flexible substrate being connected to the optical sub-assembly. The insulating film has some projections, the projections protruding from a basic area in a first direction, the projections being arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the insulating film having a flat shape with a recess between an adjacent pair of the projections. The interconnection pattern includes some pads in the basic area on a first surface of the insulating film, the pads being arranged in the second direction. The pads include some first pads adjacent to the respective projections, the pads including at least one second pad adjacent to the recess. The spacer layer is on the first surface and at each of the protrusions.

Abstract: A preparing method of an electrostatic charge image developing toner includes: mixing an amorphous resin particle dispersion containing amorphous resin particles and a crystalline resin particle dispersion containing crystalline resin particles to prepare a mixed dispersion containing the amorphous resin particles and the crystalline resin particles; aggregating the amorphous resin particles and the crystalline resin particles in the mixed dispersion to form aggregated particles; and coalescing the aggregated particles by heating a dispersion containing the aggregated particles to form toner particles, in which both a zeta potential of the amorphous resin particle dispersion and a zeta potential of the crystalline resin particle dispersion are negative values, and an absolute value of the zeta potential of the crystalline resin particle dispersion is smaller than an absolute value of the zeta potential of the amorphous resin particle dispersion.

Abstract: An optical module includes: a thermoelectric cooler with an upper surface and a lower surface, the lower surface fixed to the first surface of the conductive block, the thermoelectric cooler having a Peltier device therein configured to transfer heat between the upper surface and the lower surface; a metal layer laminated on the upper surface of the thermoelectric cooler; a ground wire connecting the first surface of the conductive block and the metal layer; a photoelectric device adapted to convert an optical signal and an electrical signal at least from one to another; a mounting substrate on which the photoelectric device is mounted, the mounting substrate fixed to the upper surface of the thermoelectric cooler with at least the metal layer interposed therebetween, the mounting substrate having a first wiring pattern electrically connected to the photoelectric device.

Abstract: A preparing method of an electrostatic charge image developing toner includes: aggregating binder resin particles in a dispersion containing the binder resin particles to form aggregated particles; and coalescing the aggregated particles by heating a dispersion containing the aggregated particles to form toner particles, in which the coalescing includes heating the dispersion containing the aggregated particles to 80° C. or higher so that a temperature of the dispersion containing the aggregated particles reaches 80° C., and then adding an acid and a surfactant to the dispersion containing the aggregated particles.

Abstract: An optical module includes: a conductive stem having first and second surfaces; some lead pins including a signal lead pin; a sub-mount substrate having an interconnection pattern; a photoelectric device mounted on the sub-mount substrate and electrically connected to the interconnection pattern; a dielectric block having a metallization pattern on a surface; and a signal wire electrically connecting the metallization pattern to the interconnection pattern. Each lead pin includes a shaft portion inside a corresponding one of the through holes, a first end portion projecting from the first surface, and a second end portion projecting from the second surface. The signal lead pin has the first end portion larger in diameter than the shaft portion. The dielectric block is opposed to and fixed to a tip face of the first end portion of the signal lead pin. The metallization pattern is electrically continuous to the tip face.

Abstract: A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image includes: performing first aggregation by aggregating at least resin particles and releasing agent particles contained in a dispersion so as to prepare a dispersion A containing first aggregated particles; performing second aggregation by adding a dispersion B containing shell resin particles to the dispersion A and aggregating the shell resin particles to form second aggregated particles; and heating and fusing the second aggregated particles so as to form fused particles. Here, pH(A) and pH(B) satisfy pH(A)<pH(B), where pH(A) and pH(B) respectively represent a pH of the dispersion A and a pH of the dispersion B in the second aggregation.

Abstract: A method for producing a toner for electrostatic charge image development includes: aggregating binder resin particles in a dispersion containing the binder resin particles to form aggregated particles; terminating growth of the aggregated particles by adding an alkaline aqueous solution to a dispersion containing the aggregated particles to increase a pH of the dispersion containing the aggregated particles; and fusing and coalescing the aggregated particles into toner particles by heating the dispersion containing the aggregated particles. Terminating the growth of the aggregated particles includes, while stirring the dispersion containing the aggregated particles, stepwise or continuously reducing a stirring power per unit volume.

Abstract: A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image includes: mixing at least one flocculant into a liquid dispersion containing binder-resin particles by adding the flocculant into the liquid dispersion containing binder-resin particles while circulating the liquid dispersion containing binder-resin particles between a stirring vessel and a disperser that applies a mechanical shear force; forming aggregated particles by heating the liquid dispersion with the flocculant therein after reducing the viscosity of the liquid dispersion; and forming toner particles by heating the liquid dispersion containing the aggregated particles and thereby making the aggregated particles fuse and coalesce.

Abstract: A preparing method of an electrostatic charge image developing toner includes: aggregating binder resin particles in a dispersion containing the binder resin particles to form aggregated particles; and coalescing the aggregated particles by heating a dispersion containing the aggregated particles to form toner particles, in which the aggregating includes adding a divalent or higher valent metal salt compound to the dispersion containing the binder resin particles, and the preparing method satisfies the following Requirement (1), Requirement (1): a ratio M/S of a total metal ion amount M (mol) generated from the divalent or higher valent metal salt compound to a total surface area S (m2) of the binder resin particles at a start of the aggregating is 1.5×1010 or more and 2.5×1013 or less.

Abstract: A preparing method of an electrostatic charge image developing toner includes: aggregating binder resin particles in a dispersion containing the binder resin particles to form aggregated particles; and coalescing the aggregated particles by heating a dispersion containing the aggregated particles to form toner particles, The aggregating includes stirring the dispersion in the aggregating at a required stirring power of 1.0 kW/m3 or more and 6.0 kW/m3 or less per unit volume, and the preparing method satisfies the following Requirement (1), in which Requirement (1): a viscosity of the dispersion during the stirring is 5 Pa·s or more and 50 Pa·s or less at a shear rate of 1/s, where the viscosity of the dispersion is measured at a sample temperature of 25° C. using a part of the dispersion as a sample.

Abstract: A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image includes: performing first aggregation that involves aggregating at least resin particles and releasing agent particles contained in a dispersion to prepare a dispersion A containing first aggregated particles; performing second aggregation that involves adding a dispersion B containing shell resin particles to the dispersion A and aggregating the shell resin particles to form second aggregated particles; and heating and fusing the second aggregated particles to form fused particles. A total of 40 mmol or more and 190 mmol or less of a basic compound is added, per kilogram of toner particles to be obtained, from a time aggregation starts to terminate in the second aggregation to a time a temperature is elevated to a fusion temperature in the heating and fusing.

Abstract: A preparing method of an electrostatic charge image developing toner includes: aggregating at least binder resin particles and release agent particles contained in a dispersion to form aggregated particles; heating and coalescing the aggregated particles to form coalesced particles; and filtering and cleaning the coalesced particles to obtain toner particles, in which before the aggregating or during the aggregating, a polymer dispersant is added to the dispersion in an amount of 0.01% by weight or more and 1.3% by weight or less with respect to a total weight of the obtained toner particles.

Abstract: An optical module includes: amounting substrate; a support block on which the mounting substrate is mounted; and a stem having a support surface to support the support block, the stem having a pedestal portion with a tip face in a protruding direction and with an upper surface spreading along the protruding direction; a relay board on the upper surface; a connection block fixed to the tip face; and wires connecting the support block and the mounting substrate to the connection block. The connection block has a surface made of a conductor. The connection block has a first bonding surface facing the same direction as the tip face of the pedestal portion and a second bonding surface facing the same direction as the upper surface. The wires include first and second wires having their ends bonded to the first and second bonding surface, respectively.