Abstract: A thermal treatment apparatus includes a treatment tank including a treatment chamber to perform thermal treatment on toner particles; a toner particle supply unit configured to supply toner particles into the treatment chamber; and a hot air supply unit including a supply port to supply hot air into the treatment chamber. The supply port of the hot air supply unit is disposed on a ceiling of the treatment chamber. The treatment tank further includes: a columnar member that is vertically disposed at the center inside of the treatment chamber; and a protruded member that is disposed at an upper end of the columnar member and has an approximately conical shape protruding toward the ceiling. The columnar member has a cylindrical shape and a radius of curvature RCP (mm) of an upper end edge in a vertical cross-section thereof is 5<RCP<75.

Abstract: A dielectric composition has barium, strontium, and bismuth calcium titanates constituting a main component and subcomponent. “a” mol % represents a content of barium titanate in terms of BaTiO3, “b” mol % strontium titanate in terms of SrTiO3, and “c” mol % bismuth calcium titanate in terms of CaBi4Ti4O15 in the main component composition. a+b+c=100 is satisfied, 50?a?83, 12?b?49.5, 0.5?c?5. The dielectric composition includes a first subcomponent constituted by at least one compound including one of manganese, iron, and chromium. The first subcomponent is included in a ratio of 0.2 wt % or more and 3 wt % or less in terms of total of MnCO3, Fe2O3, and Cr2O3 with respect to 100 wt % of the main component. The dielectric composition includes a second subcomponent compound including niobium, included in a ratio of 0.1 wt % or more and 3 wt % or less in terms of Nb2O5 with respect to 100 wt % of the main component.

Abstract: A dielectric composition having a high temperature property, good specific permittivity and AC breakdown voltage, and low dielectric loss at normal temperature, even though lead is not substantially used. The dielectric composition includes barium titanate, strontium titanate, and bismuth calcium titanate constituting a main component and a subcomponent. The dielectric composition includes a first subcomponent constituted by at least one selected from a compound including manganese, a compound including iron, and a compound including chromium, and the first sub component is included in a ratio of 0.02 to 0.19 wt % in terms of total of MnCo3, Fe2O3, and Cr2O3 with respect to 100 wt % of the main component, and the dielectric composition includes a second subcomponent which is a compound including niobium, and the second subcomponent is included in a ratio of 0.1 to 3 wt % in terms of Nb2O5 with respect to 100 wt % of the main component.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide the dielectric composition having good specific permittivity, high DC breakdown voltage and AC breakdown voltage, small dielectric loss and heat generating property, and good temperature property even though lead is not substantially used. A dielectric composition of the first aspect includes a, Ca, Bi, Ti, and Sr, wherein the dielectric composition includes two phases having different Sr characteristic X ray intensities when a characteristic X ray intensity derived from Sr is measured by EPMA, and when Sr1 represents the characteristic X ray intensity derived from Sr of a first phase measured by EPMA and Sr2 represents the characteristic X ray intensity derived from Sr of a second phase measured by EPMA, a ratio (Sr2/Sr1) of Sr2 with respect to Sr1 satisfies 2 or larger.

Abstract: A dielectric composition has barium, strontium, and bismuth calcium titanates constituting a main component and subcomponent. “a” mol % represents a content of barium titanate in terms of BaTiO3, “b” mol % strontium titanate in terms of SrTiO3, and “c” mol % bismuth calcium titanate in terms of CaBi4Ti4O15 in the main component composition. a+b+c=100 is satisfied, 50?a?83, 12?b?49.5, 0.5?c?5. The dielectric composition includes a first subcomponent constituted by at least one compound including one of manganese, iron, and chromium. The first subcomponent is included in a ratio of 0.2 wt % or more and 3 wt % or less in terms of total of MnCO3, Fe2O3, and Cr2O3 with respect to 100 wt % of the main component. The dielectric composition includes a second subcomponent compound including niobium, included in a ratio of 0.1 wt % or more and 3 wt % or less in terms of Nb2O5 with respect to 100 wt % of the main component.

Abstract: A dielectric composition having a high temperature property, good specific permittivity and AC breakdown voltage, and low dielectric loss at normal temperature, even though lead is not substantially used. The dielectric composition includes barium titanate, strontium titanate, and bismuth calcium titanate constituting a main component and a subcomponent. The dielectric composition includes a first subcomponent constituted by at least one selected from a compound including manganese, a compound including iron, and a compound including chromium, and the first sub component is included in a ratio of 0.02 to 0.19 wt % in terms of total of MnCo3, Fe2O3, and Cr2O3 with respect to 100 wt % of the main component, and the dielectric composition includes a second subcomponent which is a compound including niobium, and the second subcomponent is included in a ratio of 0.1 to 3 wt % in terms of Nb2O5 with respect to 100 wt % of the main component.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide the dielectric composition having good specific permittivity, high DC breakdown voltage and AC breakdown voltage, small dielectric loss and heat generating property, and good temperature property even though lead is not substantially used. A dielectric composition of the first aspect includes a, Ca, Bi, Ti, and Sr, wherein the dielectric composition includes two phases having different Sr characteristic X ray intensities when a characteristic X ray intensity derived from Sr is measured by EPMA, and when Sr1 represents the characteristic X ray intensity derived from Sr of a first phase measured by EPMA and Sr2 represents the characteristic X ray intensity derived from Sr of a second phase measured by EPMA, a ratio (Sr2/Sr1) of Sr2 with respect to Sr1 satisfies 2 or larger.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the dielectric composition including barium titanate, strontium titanate, titanium oxide and bismuth oxide. In case when the content of barium titanate, converted to BaTiO3, is a mol %, the content of strontium titanate, converted to SrTiO3, is b mol %, the content of titanium oxide and bismuth oxide, converted to Bi2Ti3O9, is c mol %, and a+b+c=100, a, b and c are values within a scope surrounded by the following four points, i.e. point A, point B, point C and point D in a three-dimensional phase diagram. Point A: (a, b, c)=(52.1, 40.0, 7.9); point B: (a, b, c)=(86.5, 5.6, 7.9); point C: (a, b, c)=(91.0, 5.6, 3.4); point D: (a, b, c)=(56.6, 40.0, 3.4).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the dielectric composition including barium titanate, strontium titanate, titanium oxide and bismuth oxide. In case when the content of barium titanate, converted to BaTiO3, is a mol %, the content of strontium titanate, converted to SrTiO3, is b mol %, the content of titanium oxide and bismuth oxide, converted to Bi2Ti3O9, is c mol %, and a+b+c=100, a, b and c are values within a scope surrounded by the following four points, i.e. point A, point B, point C and point D in a three-dimensional phase diagram. Point A: (a, b, c)=(52.1, 40.0, 7.9); point B: (a, b, c)=(86.5, 5.6, 7.9); point C: (a, b, c)=(91.0, 5.6, 3.4); point D: (a, b, c)=(56.6, 40.0, 3.4).