Abstract: [Problem to be solved] An object of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating the dissolution properties of a resist polymer, which method allows for an easy evaluation without requiring complicated processes, and with a high sensitivity. [Solution] The method for evaluating the dissolution properties of a resist polymer according to the present invention includes the following steps (i) to (iii): the step (i) of dissolving the resist polymer in a solvent to prepare a test solution; the step (ii) of adding a solvent dropwise to the test solution while stirring the test solution, and measuring in real time the weight of the solvent added dropwise and the change in the turbidity of the test solution, as the dropwise addition proceeds; and the step (iii) of calculating the amount of the solvent added dropwise until the turbidity of the test solution reaches a predetermined value.

Abstract: Provided are a 4-hydroxystyrene solution with high purity and good storage stability that is suitable as a source for producing a 4-hydroxystyrene polymer on a commercial scale, and a method of producing the solution. The method of producing a 4-hydroxystyrene solution of the present invention includes the following steps (i) to (iv): (i) deprotection step for contacting 4-acetoxystyrene with a base in a solvent to produce 4-hydroxystyrene; (ii) neutralization step for adding an acid to the solution containing 4-hydroxystyrene after deprotection to neutralize the solution; (iii) step for washing the solution containing 4-hydroxystyrene after neutralization with water; and (iv) solvent replacement step for adding a solvent that can dissolve 4-hydroxystyrene to the solution containing 4-hydroxystyrene followed by distillation at 40° C. or lower to remove other components than 4-hydroxystyrene and excess solvent.

Abstract: A spraying apparatus includes a spraying apparatus main body, a liquid introduction portion, a gas introduction portion, a gas-liquid spout portion, a liquid inlet, a gas inlet, a tubular flow passage, a spout, a flow passage having a taper, a straightener, and a projection portion. The liquid inlet allows a liquid flow to enter a gas-liquid mixer which is a space inside the annular gas introduction portion. The gas inlet allows a gas flow to enter the gas-liquid mixer. The straightener has an opening having an uneven shape provided in the flow passage having the taper. The projection portion is provided in the liquid introduction portion, protrudes to the gas-liquid mixer, and forms the straightener and a straightening outlet.

Abstract: A spraying apparatus includes a spraying apparatus main body, a liquid introduction portion, a gas-liquid spout portion, a gas introduction portion, a liquid inlet, a first gas inlet passage, a second gas inlet passage, and a spout. The first gas inlet passage is provided at at least one place of the annular gas introduction portion so as to communicate with the gas flow passage and the gas-liquid mixer, and allows a gas flow flowing through the gas flow passage to enter the gas-liquid mixer. The second gas inlet passage has a gas inlet having a predetermined area ratio, is provided on a downstream side of the first gas inlet passage of the gas introduction portion, and communicates with the gas flow passage and the gas-liquid mixer.

Abstract: A cooling structure of an engine comprises a cylinder block provided with a wall surface partitioning a water jacket provided to surround a cylinder line and allow cooling water to flow therein and a water-jacket spacer arranged inside the water jacket and provided to regulate flowing of the cooling water. The water-jacket spacer comprises a spacer body having a shape along an outer-peripheral shape of the cylinder line and includes an internal surface facing cylinders, and an expansive member expandable according to an external factor is provided at the internal surface of the spacer body such that the expansive member extends continuously over a range from an one-end side to the other-end side of the cylinder line at a lower part, in a cylinder-axis direction, of the internal surface of the spacer body.

Abstract: A projection apparatus includes a plurality of two-fluid nozzles, a projection-apparatus-side-gas-flow-path, a gas valve, a projection-apparatus-side-liquid-flow-path, a liquid valve, a projector, a mist concentration measurer, and a controller. The controller starts and stops spraying of a mist by controlling the gas valve and the liquid valve on the basis of an image or a video projected onto a screen from the projector. The controller receives a signal indicating a mist concentration from the mist concentration measurer, starts and stops spraying of the mist by controlling the gas valve and the liquid valve on the basis of the received signal, and thus controls the mist concentration.

Abstract: A particle diameter is decreased and a surface area per unit flow amount is increased by spraying a VOC-containing liquid from a spraying device spraying that is a two-fluid nozzle in a vacuum container, so that only water in the VOC-containing liquid can be greatly evaporated and exhausted, and a concentrated VOC-containing liquid having high concentration can be refined and processed.

Abstract: A cooling structure of a multi-cylinder engine is provided, which includes cylinder bores formed in a cylinder block, a water jacket surrounding the bores, a cylinder head, and a water jacket spacer accommodated in the water jacket and having a peripheral wall formed corresponding to the cylinder bores. A length of the peripheral wall in cylinder bore axial directions is substantially the same as that of the water jacket. The peripheral wall forms, inside the water jacket, inner and outer channels, and a width of the inner channel is less than that of the outer channel. Communicating holes communicating the inner and outer channels are formed in the peripheral wall at locations between adjacent cylinder bores, respectively. Inter-bore channels into which some cooling fluid flowing from the outer channel into the inner channel flows are provided to parts of the cylinder block between the adjacent cylinder bores, respectively.

Abstract: A spraying apparatus is configured such that a liquid stored in a liquid storage tank is pressurized by a liquid supplier and is supplied to a mist nozzle, so that a liquid flow is introduced from an upstream of a gas-liquid mixing section and a vicinity of a wall surface of the gas-liquid mixing section into the gas-liquid mixing section on an outer lid side. A pressurized gas is supplied from a gas supplier from a facing surface, so that a gas flow is introduced into the gas-liquid mixing section and collides with the liquid flow, and a gas-liquid mixed flow is advanced to a spout portion while circulating the wall surface of the gas-liquid mixing section on the outer lid side.

Abstract: Spraying apparatus 10 includes: inner lid 13; outer lid 14; and gas-liquid mixing section 15 between inner lid 13 and outer lid 14, wherein a liquid is introduced into gas-liquid mixing section 15 from a position upstream and proximate outer lid plate 14a of outer lid 14, and a gas is introduced into gas-liquid mixing section 15 from an opposite position, the liquid is atomized in gas-liquid mixing section 15 by the liquid impinging with the gas and transforming into a gas-liquid mixed fluid, and advancing to spouting portion 16 as the gas-liquid mixed fluid is circulated along outer lid plate 14a of outer lid 14 in gas-liquid mixing section 15.

Abstract: A spraying apparatus includes: an inner lid; a flow guide plate; and an annular member, wherein a liquid is introduced into a gas -liquid mixing section between the inner lid, the flow guide plate, and the annular member from an inner lid plate of the inner lid, the inner lid plate being a flat plate located upstream of the spraying apparatus and proximate the gas-liquid mixing section, and a gas is introduced into the gas-liquid mixing section from an opposite position, the liquid is atomized in the gas-liquid mixing section by the liquid impinging with the gas and transforming into a gas-liquid mixed fluid, and advancing to a spouting portion as the gas-liquid mixed fluid is circulated in the gas-liquid mixing section along the internal surface of the annular member on the flow guide plate and facing the gas-liquid mixing section.

Abstract: A cooling structure of a multi-cylinder engine is provided, which includes cylinder bores formed in a cylinder block, a water jacket surrounding the bores, a cylinder head, and a water jacket spacer accommodated in the water jacket and having a peripheral wall formed corresponding to the cylinder bores. A length of the peripheral wall in cylinder bore axial directions is substantially the same as that of the water jacket. The peripheral wall forms, inside the water jacket, inner and outer channels, and a width of the inner channel is less than that of the outer channel. Communicating holes communicating the inner and outer channels are formed in the peripheral wall at locations between adjacent cylinder bores, respectively. Inter-bore channels into which some cooling fluid flowing from the outer channel into the inner channel flows are provided to parts of the cylinder block between the adjacent cylinder bores, respectively.

Abstract: A cooling structure of a multi-cylinder engine is provided, which includes a water jacket formed in a cylinder block to surround cylinder bores of cylinders arranged inline, a spacer, and a coolant inlet. The spacer includes openings at positions corresponding to inter-cylinder-bore portions and a rectifying part extending outwardly on a lower side of the openings. The rectifying part inclines continuously upwardly while extending in one of an exhaust- and intake-side section of the jacket from a first end side to a second end side that is the opposite side from the first end side in a cylinder line-up direction, extending on the second end side from the one of the exhaust- and intake-side sections to the other one of the exhaust- and intake-side sections, and then extending from the second end side to the first end side in the other one of the exhaust- and intake-side sections.

Abstract: A cooling structure of an engine is provided, which includes a water jacket formed in a cylinder block to surround a cylinder bore of the engine, a spacer having a vertical wall surface and inserted into the water jacket, and a coolant inlet formed in an outer wall of the water jacket, and for circulating to the water jacket coolant introduced from the coolant inlet. The vertical wall surface surrounds the cylinder bore. The spacer includes a guide part provided at a position of a lower end part of the vertical wall surface corresponding to the coolant inlet, and for guiding the coolant introduced from the coolant inlet to flow around the vertical wall surface. The guide part extends outwardly from the lower end part of the vertical wall surface toward the coolant inlet along a bottom wall of the water jacket.

Abstract: A sanitization mist shower apparatus includes a water tank that stores water, a plasma generator that causes a plasma discharge in water inside the water tank and generates reformed water, an air blower that blows pressurized air, and a mist nozzle that spouts fine mist obtained by mixing the reformed water supplied from the water tank and the pressurized air supplied from the air blower. A liquid pressure of the reformed water supplied to the mist nozzle and air pressure of the pressurized air are substantially the same as each other.

Abstract: A cooling structure of an engine is provided, which includes a water jacket formed in a cylinder block to surround a cylinder bore of the engine, a spacer having a vertical wall surface and inserted into the water jacket, and a coolant inlet formed in an outer wall of the water jacket, and for circulating to the water jacket coolant introduced from the coolant inlet. The vertical wall surface surrounds the cylinder bore. The spacer includes a guide part provided at a position of a lower end part of the vertical wall surface corresponding to the coolant inlet, and for guiding the coolant introduced from the coolant inlet to flow around the vertical wall surface. The guide part extends outwardly from the lower end part of the vertical wall surface toward the coolant inlet along a bottom wall of the water jacket.