Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoreceptor that has a surface layer in which a transmittance of light having a wavelength of 1,000 nm is 5% or more and 95% or less, a charging device that charges a surface of the photoreceptor, an electrostatic latent image forming device that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the photoreceptor, a developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the photoreceptor with a developer containing a toner to form a toner image, a transfer device that transfers the toner image to a surface of a recording medium, and a photoreceptor cleaning device that has a cleaning blade coming into contact with the surface of the photoreceptor to clean the surface of the photoreceptor, in which a contact portion of the cleaning blade coming into contact with the photoreceptor contains a polyurethane rubber that is obtained by polymerizing at least a polyol component and a polyisocyanate component, a ratio M100/Re of a 100%

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoreceptor that has a surface layer in which a transmittance of light having a wavelength of 1,000 nm is 5% or more and 95% or less, a charging device that charges a surface of the photoreceptor, an electrostatic latent image forming device that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the photoreceptor, a developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the photoreceptor with a developer containing a toner to form a toner image, a transfer device that transfers the toner image to a surface of a recording medium, and a photoreceptor cleaning device that has a cleaning blade coming into contact with the surface of the photoreceptor to clean the surface of the photoreceptor, in which a contact portion of the cleaning blade coming into contact with the photoreceptor contains a polyurethane rubber that is obtained by polymerizing at least a polyol component and a polyisocyanate component, a ratio M100/Re of a 100%

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoreceptor, a charging device that charges a surface of the photoreceptor, an electrostatic latent image forming device that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the photoreceptor, a developing device that contains a developer containing a toner and develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the photoreceptor to form a toner image, a transfer device that transfers the toner image to a surface of a recording medium, and a cleaning device that has a cleaning blade coming into contact with the surface of the photoreceptor to clean the surface of the photoreceptor, in which the toner contains toner particles, titanate compound particles, and silica particles, a surface layer of the photoreceptor contains a polyarylate resin that has a dicarboxylic acid unit (A) represented by Formula (A) and a diol unit (B) represented by Formula (B), and the cleaning blade has a first polyurethane layer that is a layer coming into contact wit

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoreceptor; a charging device that charges a surface of the photoreceptor; an electrostatic latent image forming device that forms an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photoreceptor; a developing device that contains a developer containing a toner and develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the photoreceptor to form a toner image; a transfer device that transfers the toner image to a surface of a recording medium; and a cleaning device that has a cleaning blade coming into contact with the surface of the photoreceptor to clean the surface of the photoreceptor, in which the photoreceptor has an inorganic surface layer containing a Group 13 element and an oxygen element, the cleaning blade has an impregnated cured layer of an isocyanate compound and a silicone-modified acrylic polymer at a contact portion in contact with the surface of the photoreceptor, a 100% modulus of the cleaning blade is 13 MPa or more and 22 MPa or less, a t

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holder; a charging unit that charges a surface of the image holder; an electrostatic charge image forming unit that forms an electrostatic charge image on the charged surface of the image holder; an electrostatic charge image developing unit that has an electrostatic charge image developing toner containing toner particles and develops the electrostatic image with the electrostatic charge image developing toner to form a toner image, in which the toner particles contain a metal pigment having an average equivalent circle diameter of 5 ?m or more and 15 ?m or less, an average value of a ratio b/a of a minor axis diameter b to a major axis diameter a in a cross section of the toner particles is 0.5 or more and 0.8 or less, and an average value of an area of the metal pigment in a projection image of the toner particles in a case where the toner particles are viewed from a thickness direction is 0.5 or more and 0.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrostatic image developer including a toner including toner particles, the toner particles including a release agent, an amount of the release agent present in a region that extends 800 nm below surfaces of the toner particles being 70% or more of the total amount of the release agent included in the toner particles, the release agent having a melting temperature of 65° C. or more and 80° C. or less; a member that is to be cleaned; and a cleaning blade arranged to come into contact with an outer peripheral surface of the member, the cleaning blade being capable of removing the toner adhered on a surface of the member, the cleaning blade including a contact portion arranged to come into contact with the member, the contact portion including a polyurethane, the contact portion having a hardness of 85° or more and 95° or less and a plastic deformation power of 12% or less, a Si content at a surface of the contact portion being 15 atm % or more.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrostatic image developer including a toner including toner particles, the toner particles including a release agent, an amount of the release agent present in a region that extends 800 nm below surfaces of the toner particles being 70% or more of the total amount of the release agent included in the toner particles, the release agent having a melting temperature of 65° C. or more and 80° C. or less; a member that is to be cleaned; and a cleaning blade arranged to come into contact with an outer peripheral surface of the member, the cleaning blade being capable of removing the toner adhered on a surface of the member, the cleaning blade including a contact portion arranged to come into contact with the member, the contact portion including a polyurethane, the contact portion having a hardness of 85° or more and 95° or less and a plastic deformation power of 12% or less, a Si content at a surface of the contact portion being 15 atm % or more.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holder; a charging unit that charges a surface of the image holder; an electrostatic charge image forming unit that forms an electrostatic charge image on the charged surface of the image holder; a developing unit that accommodates an electrostatic charge image developer containing a toner having toner particles and that develops an electrostatic charge image formed on the surface of the image holder as a toner image by the electrostatic charge image developer, in which a release agent present in a region within 800 nm from a surface of the toner particles is 70% or more of a release agent in entire toner particles and a melting temperature of the release agent is 65° C. or higher and 80° C.

Abstract: A belt cleaning blade has a contact part that is brought into contact with at least a surface of a belt which is a member to be cleaned, in which the contact part is configured of polyurethane rubber containing a hard segment and a soft segment, and in a surface of the contact part, a proportion HX occupied by domains of the hard segment is 15.2% or more and 26.1% or less, and a proportion HY occupied by an area of the domains of the hard segment having an area of 200 nm2 or more and 1,000 nm2 or less to a total area of the domains of the hard segment in the surface is 38.9% or more and 60.8% or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holder; a charging unit that charges a surface of the image holder; an electrostatic charge image forming unit that forms an electrostatic charge image on the charged surface of the image holder; a developing unit that accommodates an electrostatic charge image developer containing a toner having toner particles and that develops an electrostatic charge image formed on the surface of the image holder as a toner image by the electrostatic charge image developer, in which a release agent present in a region within 800 nm from a surface of the toner particles is 70% or more of a release agent in entire toner particles and a melting temperature of the release agent is 65° C. or higher and 80° C.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holder; a charging unit that charges a surface of the image holder; an electrostatic charge image forming unit that forms an electrostatic charge image on the charged surface of the image holder; a developing unit that accommodates an electrostatic charge image developer containing a toner having toner particles and that develops an electrostatic charge image formed on the surface of the image holder as a toner image by the electrostatic charge image developer, in which a release agent present in a region within 800 nm from a surface of the toner particles is 70% or more of a release agent in entire toner particles and a melting temperature of the release agent is 65° C. or higher and 80° C.

Abstract: A belt cleaning blade has a contact part that is brought into contact with at least a surface of a belt which is a member to be cleaned, in which the contact part is configured of polyurethane rubber containing a hard segment and a soft segment, and in a surface of the contact part, a proportion HX occupied by domains of the hard segment is 15.2% or more and 26.1% or less, and a proportion HY occupied by an area of the domains of the hard segment having an area of 200 nm2 or more and 1,000 nm2 or less to a total area of the domains of the hard segment in the surface is 38.9% or more and 60.8% or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holder; a charging unit that charges a surface of the image holder; an electrostatic charge image forming unit that forms an electrostatic charge image on the charged surface of the image holder; a developing unit that accommodates an electrostatic charge image developer containing a toner having toner particles and that develops an electrostatic charge image formed on the surface of the image holder as a toner image by the electrostatic charge image developer, in which a release agent present in a region within 800 nm from a surface of the toner particles is 70% or more of a release agent in entire toner particles and a melting temperature of the release agent is 65° C. or higher and 80° C.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holder; a charging unit that charges a surface of the image holder; an electrostatic charge image forming unit that forms an electrostatic charge image on the charged surface of the image holder; a developing unit that accommodates an electrostatic charge image developer containing a toner having toner particles and that develops an electrostatic charge image formed on the surface of the image holder as a toner image by the electrostatic charge image developer, in which a release agent present in a region within 800 nm from a surface of the toner particles is 70% or more of a release agent in entire toner particles and a melting temperature of the release agent is 65° C. or higher and 80° C.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holder; a charging unit that charges a surface of the image holder; an electrostatic charge image forming unit that forms an electrostatic charge image on the charged surface of the image holder; a developing unit that accommodates an electrostatic charge image developer containing a toner having toner particles and that develops an electrostatic charge image formed on the surface of the image holder as a toner image by the electrostatic charge image developer, in which a release agent present in a region within 800 nm from a surface of the toner particles is 70% or more of a release agent in entire toner particles and a melting temperature of the release agent is 65° C. or higher and 80° C.

Abstract: A belt cleaning blade has a contact site that comes into contact with at least a surface of a belt which is a member to be cleaned, in which the contact site is configured with polyurethane rubber including hard segments and soft segments, and in a cross section of the contact site, a ratio X of domains of the hard segments to a total area of the cross section is 14.9% or more and 25.1% or less, and a ratio Y of an area of domains of the hard segments having an area of 200 nm2 or more and 1,000 nm2 or less to a total area of the domains of the hard segments in the cross section is 17.8% or more and 46.5% or less.

Abstract: A cleaning blade in which a Young's modulus of a contact portion that comes into contact with a member to be cleaned is 14 MPa or more and 25 MPa or less, and a tip angle of the contact portion is 55 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less.

Abstract: A belt cleaning blade has a contact site that comes into contact with at least a surface of a belt which is a member to be cleaned, in which the contact site is configured with polyurethane rubber including hard segments and soft segments, and in a cross section of the contact site, a ratio X of domains of the hard segments to a total area of the cross section is 14.9% or more and 25.1% or less, and a ratio Y of an area of domains of the hard segments having an area of 200 nm2 or more and 1,000 nm2 or less to a total area of the domains of the hard segments in the cross section is 17.8% or more and 46.5% or less.

Abstract: A cleaning blade in which a Young's modulus of a contact portion that comes into contact with a member to be cleaned is 14 MPa or more and 25 MPa or less, and a tip angle of the contact portion is 55 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less.

Abstract: A cleaning blade includes a contact part coming into contact with a member to be cleaned, the contact part being constituted by a member containing polyurethane rubber produced by polymerizing at least a polyol component and a polyisocyanate component. The ratio (M100/Re) of 100% modulus (M100 [MPa]) to rebound resilience coefficient (Re [%]) of the member is 0.25 or more. The rebound resilience coefficient (Re [%]) of the member is less than 25%. The tensile stress at 23° C. and 200% strain of the member is 15 MPa or more.