Abstract: The present disclosure relates to producing paper or paperboard having improved stiffness and strength, compared to the conventional paperboard at the same basis weight. It also discloses a method of wood pulping having a significantly increased yield and providing fiber pulps with enhanced properties such as strength and stiffness. Wood chips are chemically pulped to a high kappa number, providing a rejects component and an accepts component. The rejects component is subjected to a substantially mechanical pulping process, optionally in a presence of bleaching agent, prior to blending back into the accepts component. The resulting fiber blend is washed, optionally bleached, and subjected to a papermaking process to provide paper or paperboard with enhanced strength and stiffness at low basis weight.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to producing paper or paperboard having improved stiffness and strength, compared to the conventional paperboard at the same basis weight. It also discloses a method of wood pulping having a significantly increased yield and providing fiber pulps with enhanced properties such as strength and stiffness. Wood chips are chemically pulped to a high kappa number, providing a rejects component and an accepts component. The rejects component is subjected to a substantially mechanical pulping process, optionally in a presence of bleaching agent, prior to blending back into the accepts component. The resulting fiber blend is washed, optionally bleached, and subjected to a papermaking process to provide paper or paperboard with enhanced strength and stiffness at low basis weight.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to producing paper or paperboard having improved stiffness and strength, compared to the conventional paperboard at the same basis weight. It also discloses a method of wood pulping having a significantly increased yield and providing fiber pulps with enhanced properties such as strength and stiffness. Wood chips are chemically pulped to a high kappa number, providing a rejects component and an accepts component. The rejects component is subjected to a substantially mechanical pulping process, optionally in a presence of bleaching agent, prior to blending back into the accepts component. The resulting fiber blend is washed, optionally bleached, and subjected to a papermaking process to provide paper or paperboard with enhanced strength and stiffness at low basis weight.

Abstract: A method of wood pulping having a significantly increased yield is disclosed. Wood chips are chemically pulped to a high kappa number, providing a first accepts component and a first rejects component. The first rejects component is subjected to a high consistency pulping process such as a substantially mechanical pulping process to generate a second accepts component and a second rejects component. The first accepts component may be used in the production of saturating kraft paper with excellent saturability and resin pick up. The second accepts may be used as a second fiber source in the production of multiply linerboard and unbleached paperboard with enhanced stiffness, strength, and smoothness. Alternatively, the first accepts component may be blended with the second accepts component to produce fiber blends, which may be used in a production of paper-based products having enhanced strength and stiffness at low basis weight.

Abstract: A method of wood pulping having a significantly increased yield is disclosed. Wood chips are chemically pulped to a high kappa number, providing a first accepts component and a first rejects component. The first rejects component is subjected to a high consistency pulping process such as a substantially mechanical pulping process to generate a second accepts component and a second rejects component. The first accepts component may be used in the production of saturating kraft paper with excellent saturability and resin pick up. The second accepts may be used as a second fiber source in the production of multiply linerboard and unbleached paperboard with enhanced stiffness, strength, and smoothness. Alternatively, the first accepts component may be blended with the second accepts component to produce fiber blends, which may be used in a production of paper-based products having enhanced strength and stiffness at low basis weight.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to producing paper or paperboard having improved stiffness and strength, compared to the conventional paperboard at the same basis weight. It also discloses a method of wood pulping having a significantly increased yield and providing fiber pulps with enhanced properties such as strength and stiffness. Wood chips are chemically pulped to a high kappa number, providing a rejects component and an accepts component. The rejects component is subjected to a substantially mechanical pulping process, optionally in a presence of bleaching agent, prior to blending back into the accepts component. The resulting fiber blend is washed, optionally bleached, and subjected to a papermaking process to provide paper or paperboard with enhanced strength and stiffness at low basis weight.

Abstract: A method of wood pulping having a significantly increased yield is disclosed. Wood chips are chemically pulped to a high kappa number, providing a first accepts component and a first rejects component. The first rejects component is subjected to a high consistency pulping process such as a substantially mechanical pulping process to generate a second accepts component and a second rejects component. The first accepts component may be used in the production of saturating kraft paper with excellent saturability and resin pick up. The second accepts may be used as a second fiber source in the production of multiply linerboard and unbleached paperboard with enhanced stiffness, strength, and smoothness. Alternatively, the first accepts component may be blended with the second accepts component to produce fiber blends, which may be used in a production of paper-based products having enhanced strength and stiffness at low basis weight.

Abstract: A method for wood pulping including chemically pulping wood chips to a kappa number sufficient to generate a first amount of pulp including a first accepts component and 6 to 50 percent by weight of the first amount of pulp of a first rejects component, separating the first accepts component from the first rejects component, performing a high consistency, substantially mechanical pulping of the first rejects component to generate a second amount of pulp including a second accepts component and a second rejects component, and separating the second accepts component from the second rejects component.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to producing paper or paperboard having improved stiffness and strength, compared to the conventional paperboard at the same basis weight. It also discloses a method of wood pulping having a significantly increased yield and providing fiber pulps with enhanced properties such as strength and stiffness. Wood chips are chemically pulped to a high kappa number, providing a rejects component and an accepts component. The rejects component is subjected to a substantially mechanical pulping process, optionally in a presence of bleaching agent, prior to blending back into the accepts component. The resulting fiber blend is washed, optionally bleached, and subjected to a papermaking process to provide paper or paperboard with enhanced strength and stiffness at low basis weight.

Abstract: A stepped downcomer with intermediate step platform and a step wall extending down. Extensions extend out from step wall ends toward the tower wall. A main panel extends from the interior edge of the platform up to the above positioned tray. The liquid-vapor mix flows into contact with the step platform and travels off the platform. The liquid also flows down along the extensions into contact with the inlet region of the lower tray, by-passing the platform. The lower edge of the step wall and lower edge of the extensions control fluid flow traveling under the lower edging from the inlet side of the downcomer apparatus to the active area of the tray. The relative level of the edges can be varied to suit use. The flow control region can additionally include baffles, slots, doors and other flow control devices.

Abstract: A stepped downcomer apparatus for use in a vapor-liquid contact apparatus having an intermediate level step platform with a preferred tri-edge peripheral edge and corresponding step panels extending down from that edge to form a sealing step panel wall. As a preferred support device, extensions extend in chordal fashion out from the interior vertical edge of the opposite side step wall panels and either directly or indirectly by way of support bars into a supporting relationship with a tower of the vapor-liquid contact apparatus. A main panel extends up from the interior edge of the platform and up to the above positioned tray. A weir may extend above the above positioned tray that is an extension of the main panel. This main panel is attached to the support bars and supports the step platform and walls and extensions either alone or with added support members. A tray support ledge extends inwardly from the downcomer to provide support to the upper tray.

Abstract: Vapor-liquid contact apparatus for chemical processing includes a vessel containing a plurality of spaced horizontal trays which support a vapor-liquid mixture, and downcomers which carry liquid down from one tray to another. Each tray has an infeed area, a bubbling area which has apertures for introducing vapor into the vapor-liquid mixture on the tray, and a liquid exit opening at the downstream end of the bubbling area. The downcomer receives the vapor-liquid mixture from the bubbling area, and it has a floor which increases the residence time of the vapor-liquid mixture in the downcomer. The floor forms an outlet which feeds liquid to the infeed area of a subsequent tray. The downcomer outlet is an elongated slot formed between a convex outer edge of the floor and a convex outer edge of the downcomer cross-section.

Abstract: High vapor and liquid capacity counterflow fractionation trays demonstrating superior turndown and performance characteristics include a number of parallel downcomers separated by planar tray decking having unique bidirectional slotted cap valve geometries. Several different arrangements of the bidirectional valves are presented. The raised trapezoids of the bidirectional valves may be arranged in two groups which each face the nearest downcomer, or arranged in lines parallel to the downcomer sidewalls such that trapezoids of neighboring rows face opposite directions. In a third embodiment these bidirectional slotted cap valves are only located in the regions of the decking sections located next to the downcomers.

Abstract: A process for bleaching wood pulp is provided comprising subjecting the wood pulp, after brown stock washing, to an oxygen delignification stage, a washing sequence, a first chlorine dioxide or ozone bleaching stage, an oxidative extraction stage, an ozone activation stage followed by a chlorine dioxide bleaching stage in the absence of an intermediate washing stage.

Abstract: In a crossflow gas-liquid contact tower, liquid moves horizontally across a plurality of vertically spaced trays, and downwardly from tray-to-tray while gas flows up through openings in the trays to create a liquid-vapor mixture in an active bubble area. Each tray is formed of panels with mutually overlapping margin portions. Overlapping vapor openings are formed in the overlapping margin portions in order to provide the tray with a greater open area and with a more uniform aperture distribution. Preferably, each opening includes an aperture in the plane of the tray, and a deflector overlies the aperture to define lateral vapor outlet slots. The aperture is wider at its upstream end than at its downstream end; and, the deflector has upstream and downstream portions which extend across the ends of the aperture.

Abstract: Vapor-liquid contact apparatus includes a plurality of substantially horizontal trays which are vertically spaced in a vessel. Liquid and vapor-liquid mixtures flow horizontally across the trays, over weirs, and vertically through downcomers to subsequent trays. Each tray has a bubble area with apertures which permit ascending vapors to flow into the vapor-liquid mixture supported on the tray. Each downcomer has an apertured bottom wall which is horizontally coextensive with an unapertured downcomer seal area on the tray therebelow. The downcomer seal area and a portion of the apertured bubble area are elevated with respect to a major portion of the tray's upper surface area. The tray has two outboard panels with integral flanges at their edges, and the upstream ends of these integral flanges are supported on a stationary truss in the vessel.

Abstract: In a crossflow gas-liquid contact tower, liquid moves horizontally across a plurality of vertically spaced trays, and downwardly from tray-to-tray while gas flows up through openings in the trays to create a liquid-vapor mixture in an active bubble area. Each opening includes an aperture in the plane of the tray, and a deflector which overlies the aperture to define lateral vapor outlet slots. The aperture is wider at its upstream end than at its downstream end; and, the deflector has upstream and downstream portions which extend across the ends of the aperture. The deflectors can be stationary or they can be vertically movable valves. The centers of the apertures are spaced apart no more than about 3.0 inches in the longitudinal flow direction, and no more than about 2.0 inches transversely of the flow direction. The apertures have lengths no greater than 2.0 inches, upstream widths no greater than about 1.0 inch, and downstream widths no greater than 0.75 inch.

Abstract: A garment hanger of a type having opposing longitudinally slotted stationary arms (2), a hook (1), dowel holders (5), and a stationary dowel for hanging lower body clothing (4). Opposing adjustable arms (3) fit into and slide in the longitudinal slots in the stationary arms (2) and are attached by means of tension devices (6). The tension devices (6) allow the opposing adjustable arms to remain in position once adjusted.

Abstract: A prebox receptacle is mounted in a pan of a distributor which distributes liquid onto a bed of packing media in a gas-liquid contact column. The pan has a substantially horizontal deck surrounded by sidewalls, and outlet openings are formed in the deck to discharge liquid from the deck onto packing media therebelow. The prebox receptacle is mounted on and supported by the pan. The prebox has a bottom wall with a liquid-receiving upper surface, and openings which feed liquid into a deceleration space located between the bottom wall of the prebox and the deck of the pan. The openings in the prebox bottom wall are horizontally displaced from the outlet openings of the deck.

Abstract: In a gas-liquid contact apparatus, liquid is distributed onto packing media by vertical flow tubes mounted on a horizontal deck. Each flow tube has a beveled upper end, an upper portion above the deck provided with one or more vertical slots for admitting liquid into the tube, and a lower portion extending below the deck for releasing liquid onto the packing media. The lower portion of the tube may have internal vertical louvers and a nontubular depending tail portion. The tube is precisely immovably secured in both orientation and elevation to the deck by an external circumferential rib bearing against the upper surface of the deck, and one or more staking protrusions that bear against the lower surface of the deck. The tube is made from a flat blank of sheet material which has a first pair of opposed edges provided with locking tabs, a second pair of opposed edges that eventually form the top and bottom ends of the tube, and a rib that is generally perpendicular to the first pair of opposed edges.