Abstract: A temperature sensor for accurately measuring a temperature, such as that of a fluid where the temperature is changing, can include a substrate with an exterior surface having a first surface and a second surface spaced by sidewalls. The temperature sensor can include a set of temperature sensor probes along the exterior of the substrate. The temperature sensors can be arranged among a first surface and a second surface of the substrate in order to reduce or eliminate temperature measurement discrepancy.

Abstract: A temperature sensor for accurately measuring a temperature, such as that of a fluid where the temperature is changing, can include a housing with an exterior surface extending between a first end and a second end. The temperature sensor housing can include a set of exterior grooves, which provides for coupling a set of temperature sensor probes along the exterior of the housing with a probe extending at the first end. Additionally, a set of recesses can be formed in the first end for positioning the probes within the recesses. Furthermore, the interior of the housing can be hollow, with a second type of probe extending through the interior between the first end and the second end.

Abstract: A temperature sensor for accurately measuring a temperature, such as that of a fluid where the temperature is changing, can include a housing with an exterior surface extending between a first end and a second end. The temperature sensor housing can include a set of exterior grooves, which provides for coupling a set of temperature sensor probes along the exterior of the housing with a probe extending at the first end. Additionally, a set of recesses can be formed in the first end for positioning the probes within the recesses. Furthermore, the interior of the housing can be hollow, with a second type of probe extending through the interior between the first end and the second end.

Abstract: An ignition system exciter circuit includes a storage capacitor; a charging circuit for charging the capacitor; a discharge circuit connectable to an igniter plug; and a first switching circuit for controlling discharge of the capacitor through the discharge circuit and plug; the discharge circuit comprising a step-up transformer for transforming voltage stored on the capacitor to a higher voltage across the igniter plug when the first switching circuit is closed; the transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, with the secondary winding having a first terminal that can be coupled to a first terminal of the igniter plug and a second terminal that can be coupled to a second terminal of the igniter plug; and a second switching circuit that is responsive to a voltage transition across the igniter plug and that prevents the transformer primary and secondary windings from conducting spark discharge current.

Abstract: Diagnostics apparatus for detecting operation of an exciter circuit connected to an igniter, includes means for detecting current discharged from the exciter circuit through the igniter, means for detecting current discharged from the exciter circuit other that through the igniter, and means for producing a single output that indicates the type of discharge from the exciter circuit.

Abstract: An oscillatory discharge exciter includes an input connectable to a power supply; an output connectable to an igniter; at least two energy storage elements for producing an oscillatory discharge of energy during an exciter discharge period; a unidirectional gated switch and a rectifier coupled in reverse parallel with each other such that the switch and rectifier control, during respective alternating half cycles, oscillatory discharge energy at the exciter output; and a circuit for gating the switch in response to voltage transitions across the switch. The gating circuit can also be used as a snubber circuit to add gate drive to slow devices, as well as to trigger a series of switching devices with the application of only a single external trigger signal to one of the devices. In an alternative embodiment, the gating circuit is replaced with a circuit for maintaining holding current through the switch to prevent the switch from recovering to a blocking condition.

Abstract: An exciter for an internal combustion engine igniter plug includes a charging circuit and a discharge circuit; the charging circuit being connectable to a power supply and the discharge circuit being connectable to the plug to produce sparks; the discharge circuit comprising a storage capacitor connected to the charging circuit, a gated solid state switching device connected between the capacitor and the plug, and a trigger means for gating the switching device on and off; the capacitor being discharged when the switching device is gated on and the capacitor being charged by the charging circuit after the switching device is gated off.

Abstract: An exciter for an internal combustion engine igniter plug, comprises a continuous AC charging circuit and a discharge circuit. The discharge circuit is connectable to the plug and the charging circuit includes a transformer having a primary winding connectable to an AC power source and a secondary winding connected to the discharge circuit. The discharge circuit includes a storage capacitor connected to the transformer secondary winding such that current induced in the secondary charges the capacitor at a generally constant rate. A switching device is connected in series between the capacitor and the plug; and a trigger circuit triggers the switching device in response to charge on the capacitor; with the charging circuit and trigger circuit operating to maintain a generally constant spark rate. A current multiplier is also provided to substantially increase the peak currents delivered to the plug.