Abstract: A traffic sign having one or more easily replaceable LED assemblies that can easily be removed or replaced and that make reliable water resistant electrical connection with one or more suitably-designed LED holders, which are installed in various locations as desired on the traffic sign or structure, is disclosed. A control circuit that supplies direct current at suitable levels of DC voltage and DC current to the one or more LED holders that are connected together using series, parallel or combination series and parallel wiring connections in order to provide electrical power to the one or more LED assemblies is provided. Wherein the one or more LED holders also include compensation circuits that enable any failed LED assembly to be electrically bypassed so that the control circuit then automatically adjusts the DC current or DC voltage levels supplied to the remaining traffic sign LEDs so that the remaining LED Assemblies continue to operate properly.

Abstract: A method for tracking the movement of the sun from East to West across the sky during daylight hours to enable solar photovoltaic (PV) panels or arrays of such panels to capture significantly more solar energy than fixed solar panels. Readily-available sun position data (taken from ephemeris or celestial navigation tables) can be programmed into read-only memory (ROM) chips. Date and time of day information can also be programmed into ROM chips powered by long-life, rechargeable batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries. Using such ROM chip data, a solar panel or an array of solar panels can track the sun position provided that during installation (with the panels aimed longitudinally towards the South), the solar panels are positioned upwards towards the noontime sun position to establish a starting point. This enables the sun tracking system of the present invention to track the sun without requiring a solar sensing device.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for improving LED performance are disclosed in which, in one exemplary embodiment, a lamp having one or more LEDs is powered by at least one rechargeable battery that may be recharged by solar photovoltaic panel or any number of DC or AC power sources, including a car battery or household AC outlets. The power to illuminate the LEDs from the rechargeable battery is regulated by a control circuit that enables the LEDs to illuminate for at least twice the operating time for the same LEDs and the same rechargeable battery without the control circuit.

Abstract: A traffic control signal has a structure upon which traffic control indicia are formed. At least one LED is formed upon the structure so as to attract attention to the indicia. The LED(s) have a brightness of at least 6,000 millicandella and preferably have a brightness of between approximately 6,000 millicandella and approximately 60,000 millicandella.

Abstract: A traffic control signal has a structure upon which traffic control indicia are formed. At least one LED is formed upon the structure so as to attract attention to the indicia. The LED(s) have a brightness of at least 6,000 millicandella and preferably have a brightness of between approximately 6,000 millicandella and approximately 60,000 millicandella.

Abstract: A traffic control signal has a structure upon which traffic control indicia are formed. At least one LED is formed upon the structure so as to attract attention to the indicia. The LED(s) have a brightness of at least 6,000 millicandella and preferably have a brightness of between approximately 6,000 millicandella and approximately 60,000 millicandella.

Abstract: An alternative emergency power supply for LED traffic signal lights. The power supply includes an alternative power source, a power state detector, a circuit transfer switch, and a blink cycle timer and can be mounted on or in a traffic signal head. The power state detector can differentiate between a power failure in a traffic head and a main power supply failure. Upon a power failure, the LED traffic signal light and the alternative power source are disconnected from the main power supply lines. The LED traffic signal light may be 8 or 12 inches in diameter having an S-base, screw-in or Type II design and is placed into a flash mode for between about 12 hours and about 24 hours, or until normal power is restored. A coded signal is communicated to provide indication of a true main power supply failure.

Abstract: A light assembly for providing a directed beam of light. The light assembly includes a specially configured lamp-reflector assembly which incorporates a high output lamp. The lamp-reflector assembly also incorporates a multi-faceted reflector for directing the beam of light within a restricted cone angle as it exits the light assembly. The lamp-reflector is housed in a flexible enclosure surrounding a translucent lens at one end and a power cord exiting the opposing end. The flexible enclosure is adapted for waterproof applications.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing NOx in a combustion exhaust gas stream from a boiler. The method includes the steps of converting an aqueous solution of urea to ammonia by heating the urea solution to a temperature of 350.degree.-650.degree. F. in an injection lance system. The urea solution is pressurized to the pressure required to keep urea reaction products in the liquid phase and is contacted for a selected time with a conversion catalyst selected from the group of metals, metal oxides, or metal compounds consisting of chromium or molybdenum to provide a converted urea solution. The converted urea solution is injected from the injection lance system into the combustion exhaust gas for reducing NOx.

Abstract: Techniques and associated systems are provided for removing oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO.sub.2, hereinafter called NO.sub.x) from combustion effluent gases. Such a system includes a nozzle and means for introducing a carrier gas and an injection chemical into the nozzle to be mixed together. The mixture is ejected from the nozzle into a flue gas duct to provide a high degree of cross-sectional coverage and intimate mixing between the injection chemical and the NO.sub.x -containing combustion effluent gas.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and apparatus for reducing NOx in combustion effluent gases which comprise a two-stage injection process. NHi precursors (such as liquid-phase urea or ammonium hydroxide, or the like) are injected into the flue gas at temperatures greater than 1400.degree. F. in a first injection zone to reduce NO to nitrogen. This step is followed by injecting a peroxyl initiator, such as a hydrocarbon material (for example, methanol) into the flue gas at temperatures less than 1400.degree. F. to oxidize residual NO to NO.sub.2 in a second injection zone.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided in accordance with practice of this invention for lowering the molar ratio of NO to NO.sub.2 in flue gas by converting a portion of flue gas nitric oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2), for removing the associated oxides of sulfur (SO.sub.x) and nitrogen (NO.sub.x) from the flue gas prior to discharge of the flue gas into the atmosphere.

Abstract: An improved rotary spray scrubber of the type including an elongate gas flow duct and a rotary dispersion hub is described. The improvement comprises maintaining the ratio of the hub diameter to the duct diameter in the range from about 0.55 to 0.75. The improved rotary scrubber is particularly effective at removing submicron particulates from a gas stream, with removals well above 90% being feasible.

Abstract: A process provided in accordance with practice of this invention for lowering the molar ratio of NO to NO.sub.2 in flue gas by converting a portion of flue gas nitric oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2), for removing the associated oxides of sulfur (SO.sub.x) and nitrogen (NO.sub.x) from the flue gas prior of discharge of the flue gas into the atmosphere and an apparatus for practicing the process.

Abstract: A method for removing metal halides from effluent gas streams employs a rotary spray scrubber including an elongate gas flow duct and a rotary scrubber dispersion hub. The rotary spray scrubber is characterized by a ratio of hub diameter to duct diameter in the range from about 0.55 to 0.75. Using a basic liquid scrubbing medium in such a scrubber, metal halide particulate and hydrochloric acid gas removal efficiencies in excess of 99% have been achieved.