Abstract: An instrument station in the form of a single-piece body is provided that incorporates ports for a flow measuring device or a piping accessory, including a thermometer, a drain valve, an air vent, a pressure or temperature transmitter, or other measuring device. A balancing type valve may be connected to the instrument station to allow the flow to be adjusted. The instrument station has an inner specific diameter and is attached to a pipe with an equal inner diameter. The pipe section typically has a length that is at least the sum of five inner specific diameters of the body of the instrument station.

Abstract: An instrument station in the form of a single-piece body is provided that incorporates ports for a flow measuring device or a piping accessory, including a thermometer, a drain valve, an air vent, a pressure or temperature transmitter, or other measuring device. A balancing type valve may be connected to the instrument station to allow the flow to be adjusted. The instrument station has an inner specific diameter and is attached to a pipe with an equal inner diameter. The pipe section typically has a length that is at least the sum of five inner specific diameters of the body of the instrument station.

Abstract: A control means and process for a recirculating hot water system having a hot water supply pipe and a hot water return pipe connected in a loop between a hot water outlet of a hot water tank and a return inlet to that tank, and having an electrically controlled recirculating pump in the loop, for keeping sufficient circulation in the loop as to assure substantially instant dispensing of water of a desirably high temperature. The control governs the operability of the recirculating pump, causing it to operate for a pre-established time period as determined by the amount of time required to bring the supply pipe portion of the recirculation loop up to desired maximum operating temperature.