Abstract: A vinylidene chloride polymer powder, having a second order transition temperature of at least about 50.degree. C., is recovered from a latex and dispersed with moderate shear in a non-solvent for vinylidene chloride polymers, such as a polyol used in the preparation of polyurethane materials. A dispersion of the powder and a polyol is eminently suitable for use in the preparation of polyurethane foams to impart enhanced flame retardancy and load-bearing properties thereto.

Abstract: A process for preparing, in aqueous emulsion, controlled interpolymer compositions. The interpolymer compositions have polymerized therein from about 86 to 92 mole percent, vinylidene chloride, from about 14 to 8 mole percent of a comonomer mixture of methyl methacrylate and a comonomer selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile, methacrylic acid and methacrylonitrile in a ratio of the comonomer to methyl methacrylate of from about 0.5:1 to 2:1, and from about 0.5 to 1.0 weight percent itaconic acid, based on weight of vinylidene chloride plus comonomer mixture. The interpolymers are prepared in a three step process. The third step, or Step III, wherein monomer feeding is step-wise reduced for a portion of the step and a polymerization initiator is added at generally the same constant rate as the rate of addition in Steps I and II, generally reduces the amount of unreacted mixed monomers remaining after monomer addition is completed.

Abstract: Crystallizable, controlled composition interpolymers consisting essentially of (a) from about 88 to about 92 mole percent vinylidene chloride, (b) from about 8 to about 12 mole percent methyl methacrylate, and (c) up to about 3 weight percent, based on the combined weight of (a) and (b), of one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers; such interpolymers having a relative viscosity of at least about 1.40.degree. at 25.degree. C. as a 1 percent solution in tetrahydrofuran and being capable of forming substantially haze-free solutions when present in an amount of about 20 percent solids in a solvent mixture consisting of 65 percent by weight tetrahydrofuran and 35 percent by weight toluene.

Abstract: A lacquer coating composition containing a crosslinked vinylidene chloride polymer microgel powder which is recovered from a latex obtained by emulsion polymerizing about 85 to 92 parts by weight of vinylidene chloride, about 8 to 15 parts by weight of a copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated comonomer, and a minor amount of a copolymerizable crosslinking polyfuntional comonomer. Coatings prepared from such lacquers have excellent barrier and heat-sealing properties.

Abstract: Discrete, crosslinked vinylidene chloride polymer microgels, having a latex particle size of less than 1 micron and a gel content of about 1 to 99 percent, such microgels being obtained by emulsion polymerizing (a) about 50 to about 95 parts by weight of vinylidene chloride, (b) about 5 to about 50 parts by weight of a copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated comonomer, and (c) about 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight of a copolymerizable crosslinking polyfunctional comonomer. Such microgels have been found to have wide applicability as additives for synthetic foams and fibers, and for the preparation of improved coatings, films, and redispersible latexes.

Abstract: A crosslinked vinylidene chloride polymer microgel powder is recovered from a latex and dispersed with moderate shear in a nonsolvent for vinylidene chloride polymers, such as a polyol used in the preparation of polyurethane materials. A dispersion of the powder and a polyol is eminently suited for use in the preparation of polyurethane foams to impart enhanced flame-retardancy and load-bearing properties thereto.

Abstract: Discrete, crosslinked vinylidene chloride polymer microgels, having a latex particle size of less than 1 micron and a gel content of about 1 to 99 percent, such microgels being obtained by emulsion polymerizing (a) about 50 to about 95 parts by weight of vinylidene chloride, (b) about 5 to about 50 parts by weight of a copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated comonomer, and (c) about 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight of a copolymerizable crosslinking polyfunctional comonomer. Such microgels have been found to have wide applicability as additives for synthetic foams and fibers, and for the preparation of improved coatings, films, and redispersible latexes.

Abstract: A crosslinked vinylidene chloride polymer microgel powder is recovered from a latex and dispersed with moderate shear in a nonsolvent for vinylidene chloride polymers, such as a polyol used in the preparation of polyurethane materials. A dispersion of the powder and a polyol is eminently suited for use in the preparation of polyurethane foams to impart enhanced flame-retardancy and load-bearing properties thereto.

Abstract: A method for electrodeposition of an organic material on an electroconductive surface comprising placing the electroconductive surface to be coated in contact with an aqueous dispersion containing a water-insoluble, essentially electrically nonconductive, film-forming, organic polymer as cation-active particles wherein the cation-activity is provided at least predominantly by reducible nitrogen-containing cations and passing an electric current from an electrode through the latex to the electroconductive surface in such a direction that the electroconductive surface is negatively charged, i.e., becomes a cathode in an electrophoretic cell. By use of alternating current, both electrodes become coated with an adherent coating of polymer.

Abstract: A method for electrodeposition of an organic material on an electroconductive surface comprising placing the electroconductive surface to be coated in contact with an aqueous dispersion containing a water-insoluble, essentially electrically non-conductive, film-forming, organic polymer as cation-active particles wherein the cation-activity is provided at least predominantly by sulfonium cations and passing an electric current from an electrode through the latex to the electroconductive surface in such a direction that the electroconductive surface is negatively charged, i.e., becomes a cathode in an electrophoretic cell. By use of alternating current both electrodes become coated with the polymer.

Abstract: Novel isothiouronium salts are herein described which correspond to the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' are each independently hydrocarbyl or inertly-substituted hydrocarbyl of at least 4 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 -R.sub.4 are each independently alkyl or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are joined to form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring; n is 0 or 1; and A.sup..crclbar. is an inert neutralizing anion. The isothiouronium salts are surprisingly effective dispersing agents and are used in forming electrodepositable latexes.

Abstract: A crystallizable vinylidene chloride polymer powder is recovered from a latex obtained by emulsion polymerizing in sequence (a) a first monomer mixture comprising a predominant amount of vinylidene chloride and an ethylenically unsaturated comonomer which is copolymerizable therewith, such as acrylonitrile; (b) a minor amount of a polyfunctional monomer for providing graft sites on the product of (a); and (c) a second monomer mixture which is predominantly acrylonitrile, the amount of the second monomer mixture being in the range of about 10 to about 25 percent of the weight of the first monomer mixture. The so-formed solvent is admixed with an acrylic polymer and a suitable solvent and then spun into fibers having improved flame-retardancy.

Abstract: Crosslinked vinylidene chloride polymer microgel powders are recovered from a latex obtained by emulsion polymerizing in sequence (a) a first monomer mixture comprising a predominant amount of vinylidene chloride, an ethylenically unsaturated comonomer, and a crosslinking polyfunctional monomer; (b) a minor amount of a polyfunctional monomer for providing graft sites on the product of (a); and (c) a second monomer mixture which is predominantly acrylonitrile, the amount of the second monomer mixture being in the range of about 10 to 25 percent of the weight of the first monomer mixture. The so-formed microgels, having a particle size less than about 1 micron, are admixed with an acrylic polymer and a suitable solvent and then spun into fibers having improved flame-retardancy.

Abstract: Structured-particle latexes are prepared from nonionic or slightly cationic latexes, either preformed or polymerized in situ, by emulsion polymerizing monomeric materials which include an ethylenically unsaturated, activated-halogen monomer such as vinylbenzyl chloride in the absence of a sufficient amount of a surfactant to initiate new particles whereby the activated-halogen monomer is copolymerized on the surface of the existing particles which are dispersed in an aqueous media. The resulting structured-particle latex may then be reacted with a nucleophile such as dimethyl sulfide or trimethyl amine to form a latex having stabilizing "onium" groups such as sulfonium groups or quaternary ammonium groups chemically bound at or near the surface of the polymer particles which are dispersed in aqueous media. The cationic latexes are suitable for coatings and organic pigments.

Abstract: Structured-particle latexes are prepared from nonionic or slightly cationic latexes, either preformed or polymerized in situ, by emulsion polymerizing monomeric materials which include an ethylenically unsaturated, activated-halogen monomer such as vinylbenzyl chloride in the absence of a sufficient amount of a surfactant to initiate new particles whereby the activated-halogen monomer is copolymerized on the surface of the existing particles which are dispersed in aqueous media. To the resulting structured particle latex may then be added conventional cationic surfactants to provide greater stability. The cationic latexes are suitable for coatings.

Abstract: A method for electrodeposition of an adherent, water-resistant, cross-linked, organic coating on an electroconductive surface comprising (a) placing the elecroconductive surface to be coated in contact with an aqueous dispersion containing a water-insoluble, essentially electrically non-conductive, film-forming, organic polymer as cation-active, structured particles wherein a substantial portion of the cation-activity is provided by pH independent cationic groups which are chemically bound to the polymer at or near the particle surface and (b) passing an electric current from an electrode through the latex to the electroconductive surface in such a direction that the electroconductive surface is negatively charged, i.e., becomes a cathode in an electrophoretic cell. By use of alternating current both electrodes become coated with an adherent coating of polymer.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion containing a water-insoluble, essentially electrically non-conductive, organic polymer as cation-active particles wherein a substantial portion of the cation-activity is provided by isothiouronium cations may be obtained by various methods including emulsion polymerization of hydrophobic monomers using an isothiouronium surfactant or by emulsion copolymerization of a monomer containing isothiouronium groups with hydrophobic monomers.

Abstract: A method for electrodeposition of an organic material on an electroconductive surface comprising placing the electroconductive surface to be coated in contact with an aqueous dispersion containing a water-insoluble, essentially electrically non-conductive, film-forming, organic polymer as cation-active particles wherein a substantial portion of the cation-activity is provided by sulfoxonium cations and passing an electric current from an electrode through the latex to the electroconductive surface in such a direction that the electroconductive surface is negatively charged, i.e., becomes a cathode in an electrophoretic cell. By use of alternating current both electrodes become coated with an adherent coating of polymer.

Abstract: This invention is directed to dispersions containing stabilizing amounts of certain substantially linear interpolymeric interfacially spreading polyelectrolytes composed of a mixture of nonionic hydrophobic units and ionic hydrophilic units where the nonionic units are randomly distributed in the backbone of the polyelectrolyte and where the polyelectrolyte is adsorbed at the surface of the disperse phase of the dispersion in a substantially flat configuration. The polyelectrolytes are further characterized by having an adsorption constant equal to or greater than 1 at the point where the surface of the disperse phase is saturated with the polyelectrolyte, the absorption constant being determined as the amount of polyelectrolyte in the disperse phase divided by the amount of polyelectrolyte in the continuous phase. These stabilized dispersions are particularly useful as coating compositions and for use in the preparation of microspheres and seed latexes.